{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:51:57Z","timestamp":1791129117974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Cambridge University Press (CUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]],"date-time":"2014-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403568000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3736,"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/terms"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.cambridge.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatr."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Alcohol use disorders and panic disorder co-occur at a rate that exceeds chance significantly. The underlying mechanism of alcoholism associated with anxiety has rarely been examined using experimental methodologies. The present study in healthy volunteers tested whether alcohol consumption reduces anxiety associated with a panic-challenge procedure (35% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>challenge).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>The study design was placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized. Eight healthy volunteers were enrolled; all subjects had an alcohol and a placebo oral intake according to a crossover design. After each consumption the subjects underwent the 35% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>challenge and a series of anxiety symptom assessments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>After the alcohol intake, the subjects presented a significant reduction in the anxiety state associated with the challenge procedure. The Panic Symptom List score is significantly lower after alcohol intake (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>0.032), as compared with the placebo, and the Visual Analogue Anxiety Scale shows a trend to be lower after alcohol intake (<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>0.111).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title><jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold><\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderate doses of alcohol acutely decrease the response to a 35% CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>challenge in healthy volunteers. These results lend support to the pharmacological anxiolytic effect of alcohol and suggest that this property may reinforce the drinking behaviour among those with high levels of anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0924-2708.2004.0077.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,10]],"date-time":"2004-03-10T14:02:46Z","timestamp":1078927366000},"page":"107-109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/policypage","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The influence of alcohol oral intake on the effects of 35% CO<sub>2<\/sub>challenge. A study in healthy volunteers"],"prefix":"10.1017","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Fiammetta","family":"Cosci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Schruers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Faravelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Griez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"56","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"S0924270800004117_b19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.96.3.242"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.9.1161","article-title":"Panic response to lactate administration in alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients with panic disorder","volume":"146","author":"George","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b23","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1981.42.547"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(00)00040-3"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b18","unstructured":"18. Centraal Bureau Voor de Statistiek. http:\/\/www.cbs.nl. Centraal Bureau Voor de Statistiek, 2001."},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b9","first-page":"341","volume-title":"Anxiety Disorders. An Introduction to Clinical Management and Research","author":"Verburg","year":"2001"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.83.253"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb52931.x"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b16","first-page":"300","article-title":"Calculation of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by sex, weight, number of drinks and time","volume":"78","author":"Fisher","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(71)71479-0"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.11.1479","article-title":"Response to sodium lactate infusion in alcoholics with panic attacks","volume":"146","author":"Cowley","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750260013002"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(90)90121-K"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(84)80033-7"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b6","volume-title":"Recognizing Alcoholism and Its Effects. A Mini-Guide","author":"St Clair","year":"1991"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b20","first-page":"541","article-title":"The effect of alcohol, expectancy, and alcohol beliefs on anxiety and self-disclosure in women: do beliefs moderate alcohol effects?","volume":"53","author":"Deboer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-6185(91)90004-D"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830160031005"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.90.6.586"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b25","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Cecil Trattato Di Medicina Interna","author":"Kissin","year":"1997"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(87)90152-1"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b21","volume-title":"STAI Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory","author":"Spielberger","year":"1970"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830030086013"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.15288\/qjsa.1974.35.1212","article-title":"Circadian variation in the effect of alcohol on cognitive performance","volume":"35","author":"Jones","year":"1974","journal-title":"Q J Study Alcohol"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190729"},{"key":"S0924270800004117_b13","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Acta Neuropsychiatrica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/services\/aop-cambridge-core\/content\/view\/S0924270800004117","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T02:26:27Z","timestamp":1623723987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/product\/identifier\/S0924270800004117\/type\/journal_article"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924270800004117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0924-2708.2004.0077.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-2708","1601-5215"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-2708","type":"print"},{"value":"1601-5215","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 Blackwell Munksgaard","name":"license","label":"License","group":{"name":"copyright_and_licensing","label":"Copyright and Licensing"}}]}}