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The aim of this study was to test the ability of motivational processes to direct and to urge behaviour, in four vervet monkeys (<jats:italic>Cercopithecus aethiops<\/jats:italic>) progressively intoxicated with systemic 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) injections (0.3\u20130.4\u2003mg\/kg every 4\u20137\u2003days). In the food preference task, the monkeys had to retrieve two types of directly visible food, simultaneously available in the wells of a reward board. At all stages of MPTP\u2010induced parkinsonism, the monkeys continued to take their favourite food first. In the symbol discrimination task, the wells were covered with sliding plaques cued by symbols indicating the absence or presence of a reward, and the different types of food were blocked in separate sessions. Monkeys with mild or moderate parkinsonism made fewer attempts and took longer to retrieve non\u2010preferred compared with preferred rewards. These results indicate that motivational processes are still able to direct (food preference task) and to urge (symbol discrimination task) behaviour in MPTP\u2010lesioned monkeys. Such a functional preservation may be related to the relatively spared dopaminergic innervation of the limbic circuits that we found in our monkeys, in agreement with the literature on humans. Furthermore, the frequency of executive disorders (such as hesitations and freezing) appeared to be much lower with the preferred rewards. Thus, the preserved motivational processes may help to overcome executive dysfunction in the early stages of human PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816x.2003.03089.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,16]],"date-time":"2004-01-16T08:36:25Z","timestamp":1074242185000},"page":"437-446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Disruption of self\u2010organized actions in monkeys with progressive MPTP\u2010induced parkinsonism: II. Effects of reward preference"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Mathias","family":"Pessiglione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Guehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Jan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Fran\u00e7ois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne C.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"F\u00e9ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9on","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.67.4.492"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04311.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(94)90018-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05473.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90175-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.012470999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00007-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(95)00151-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00225-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01014.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(02)00108-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1078-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(86)90131-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-06159.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(89)90212-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(91)90145-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Dopamine in the limbic regions of the human brain: normal and abnormal","volume":"16","author":"Farley I.J.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Adv. 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