{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T06:10:27Z","timestamp":1697263827501},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]],"date-time":"2004-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1084838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Eur J of Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus contains a light\u2010entrainable circadian pacemaker. Neurons in the SCN are part of a circuit that conveys light information from retinal efferents to the pineal gland. Light presented during the night acutely increases mRNA levels of the circadian clock genes <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Per2<\/jats:italic> in the SCN, and acutely suppresses melatonin levels in the pineal gland. The present study investigated whether the ability of light to increase <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Per2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels and suppress pineal melatonin levels requires sodium\u2010dependent action potentials in the SCN. <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Per2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels in the SCN and pineal melatonin levels were measured in Syrian hamsters injected with tetrodotoxin (TTX) prior to light exposure or injection of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010methyl\u2010<jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate (NMDA). TTX inhibited the ability of light to increase <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Per2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels and suppress pineal melatonin levels. TTX did not, however, influence the ability of NMDA to increase <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Per2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels, though it did inhibit the ability of NMDA to suppress pineal melatonin levels. These results demonstrate that action potentials in the SCN are not necessary for NMDA receptor activation to increase <jats:italic>Per1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Per2<\/jats:italic> mRNA levels, but are necessary for NMDA receptor activation to decrease pineal melatonin levels. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the mechanism through which light information is conveyed to the pacemaker in the SCN is separate from and independent of the mechanism through which light information is conveyed to the SCN cells whose efferents suppress pineal melatonin levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816x.2004.03387.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,18]],"date-time":"2004-05-18T07:18:33Z","timestamp":1084864713000},"page":"2808-2814","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tetrodotoxin administration in the suprachiasmatic nucleus prevents NMDA\u2010induced reductions in pineal melatonin without influencing <i>Per1<\/i> and <i>Per2<\/i> mRNA levels"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Ketema N.","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L.","family":"Gamble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Fukuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colleen M.","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca","family":"Tosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H. 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