{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T16:20:45Z","timestamp":1762100445823},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]],"date-time":"2005-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1132790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Experimental Path"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>4\u2010Nitroquinoline 1\u2010oxide (4NQO)\u2010induced rat tongue carcinogenesis is a useful model for studying oral squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of bcl\u20102 and bax during tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4NQO. Male Wistar rats were distributed into three groups of 10 animals each and treated with 50\u2003ppm 4NQO solution through their drinking water for 4, 12 or 20 weeks. Ten animals were used as negative control. Although no histological changes were induced in the epithelium after 4 weeks of carcinogen exposure, bcl\u20102 and bax were over\u2010expressed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.01) in all layers of the \u2018normal\u2019 epithelium. The expression levels were the same in all layers of epithelium for both the antibodies used (bcl\u20102 or bax). In dysplastic lesions at 12 weeks following carcinogen administration, the levels of bcl\u20102 and bax expression did not increase when compared to negative control with the immunoreactivity for bcl\u20102 being restricted to the superficial layer of epithelium. In well\u2010differentiated squamous cell carcinoma induced after 20 weeks of treatment with 4NQO, bcl\u20102 was expressed in some cells of tumour islands. On the other hand, immunostaining for bax was widely observed at the tumour nests. The labelling index for bcl\u20102 and bax showed an increase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) after only 4 weeks of 4NQO administration. In conclusion, our results suggest that abnormalities in the apoptosis pathways are associated with the development of persistent clones of mutated\u2010epithelial cells in the oral mucosa. Bcl\u20102 and bax expression appears to be associated with a risk factor in the progression of oral cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0959-9673.2005.00444.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,11,24]],"date-time":"2005-11-24T18:12:13Z","timestamp":1132855933000},"page":"375-382","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Abnormal expression of bcl\u20102 and bax in rat tongue mucosa during the development of squamous cell carcinoma induced by 4\u2010nitroquinoline 1\u2010oxide"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisy M. F.","family":"Salvadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari\u00e2ngela E. 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