{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T04:50:41Z","timestamp":1761540641662},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,15]],"date-time":"2005-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1118793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Peripheral Nervous Sys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Abstract\u2003<\/jats:bold> The clinical characteristics of five (22%) of 23 patients with Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS), whose serum contained immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to the ganglioside <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010acetylgalactosaminyl GD1a (GalNAc\u2010GD1a), included pure motor weakness of the axonal type. These patients had a relatively good prognosis, but displayed higher serum tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1) titers than the other GBS patients. We examined the effect of serum from these patients with IgG anti\u2010GalNAc\u2010GD1a antibodies on neurites from cultured rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and found it to damage the myelin in well\u2010elongated DRG neurites and monolayer cultures of Schwann cells and neurons. In the regeneration model, serum from these patients delayed neurite extension and inhibited Schwann cell proliferation. Neurons in cultured monolayers showed vacuolation and decreased rapidly in number. Schwann cells were also vacuolated and readily detached from the substratum. The effects of IgG anti\u2010GalNAc\u2010GD1a antibodies purified from one of the patients, rabbit serum after immunization with GalNAc\u2010GD1a, and recombinant TNF\u2010\u03b1 were also examined. IgG anti\u2010GalNAc\u2010GD1a antibodies mainly inhibited the regeneration and preservation of neurons, while TNF\u2010\u03b1 mainly induced morphological changes in well\u2010proliferated Schwann cells and myelin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1085-9489.2005.0010209.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,15]],"date-time":"2005-06-15T11:16:19Z","timestamp":1118834179000},"page":"190-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Harmful effects of anti\u2010GalNAc\u2010GD1a antibodies and TNF\u2010\u03b1 on rat dorsal root ganglia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Keiko","family":"Kamakura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken\u2010ichi","family":"Kaida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Kusunoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norikazu","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshihiro","family":"Masaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryohji","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Motoyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.2122"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1996.0035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.117.5.1093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/46.1.B3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199906)45:6<758::AID-ANA10>3.3.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.1.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(00)00451-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081229.88862.C6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20222"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(92)90019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/22.12.1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(90)90046-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb20190.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.5.1522","article-title":"Cytokine toxicity against oligodendrocytes. 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