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There were no significant differences (<jats:italic>P &gt; <\/jats:italic> 0\u00b705) in total brain mass when corrected for fork length, or the volumes of the optic tecta or hypothalamus when corrected for brain mass, between diploids and triploids. There was a significant effect (<jats:italic>P &lt; <\/jats:italic> 0\u00b701) of ploidy on the volume of the olfactory bulb, with it being 9\u00b70% larger in diploids compared with triploids. The cerebellum and telencephalon, however, were significantly larger, 17 and 8% respectively, in triploids compared with diploids. Sex had no significant effect (<jats:italic>P &gt; <\/jats:italic> 0\u00b705) on total brain mass or the volumes of any measured brain region. As the olfactory bulbs, cerebellum and telencephalon are implicated in a number of functions, including foraging ability, aggression and spatial cognition, these results may explain some of the behavioural differences previously reported between diploids and triploids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.2012.03479.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,16]],"date-time":"2012-11-16T22:19:07Z","timestamp":1353104347000},"page":"2199-2212","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Triploidy alters brain morphology in pre\u2010smolt Atlantic salmon <b><i>Salmo salar<\/i><\/b>: possible implications for behaviour"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"T. W. K.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. G.","family":"Fjelldal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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