{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:28:42Z","timestamp":1789921722028,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]],"date-time":"2015-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6095,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Melasma is a specific type of facial hyperpigmentation seen in women taking oral contraceptives, in non\u2010pregnant women who have not used oral contraceptives, and in some pregnant women during the progression of gestation, but rarely in men.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Circulating LH, FSH, PRL, and E<jats:sub>2\u2010<\/jats:sub>17\u03b2 on day 5, 7, 9, and 11 of the menstrual cycle and progesterone (P) on day 17, 19, and 21 were measured in thirty\u2010six ovulating women with melasma (study group) age 25\u201335 years and twelve healthy controls (control group). Twenty\u2010seven subjects in the study group had normal pregnancies; 9 others were married or single and had no history of contraceptive pill use. Higher levels of FSH on day 7 (p&lt;0.05); E<jats:sub>2\u2010<\/jats:sub>17\u03b2 on 5, 7, 9 (p&lt;0.05) and LH on day 9 (p&lt;0.002) were observed in the study group than in the control group. There were no significant differences between the LH\/FSH ratio in the two groups. Serum PRL was lower on day 9 in the study group (p&lt;0.05) than in the control group. Serum P was similar in the patients and the controls. These findings indicate a possible role of high E<jats:sub>2\u2010<\/jats:sub>17\u03b2 in the maintenance of melasma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02445.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,10]],"date-time":"2015-04-10T08:34:51Z","timestamp":1428654891000},"page":"510-512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Hormonal Milieu in the Maintenance of Melasma in Fertile Women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Iffat","family":"Hassan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inderjeet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sialy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh 160 012 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.J.","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh 160 012 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"605","article-title":"Skin disorders of pregnancy","volume":"49","author":"Errickson CV","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"215","volume-title":"Williams Obstetrics","author":"Cunningham FG","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"437","article-title":"Oral contraception by norenthynodrel","volume":"88","author":"Cook H","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050180001001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1966.tb73370.x","article-title":"Chloasma and oral contraceptives","volume":"2","author":"Carruthers R","year":"1996","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"Melasma induced by oral contraceptive drugs","volume":"199","author":"Resnick S","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12522896"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1975.tb03416.x","article-title":"Aetiological factors in chloasma","volume":"29","author":"Bedi TR","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Cl Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(81)70071-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(89)90053-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1992.tb136998.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","unstructured":"SufiSB DonaldsonA JeffcoateSL:WHO Matched Reagent Programme Method Manual 1993."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/250653a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1963.01590160078015"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1346-8138.1998.tb02445.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02445.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,28]],"date-time":"2023-10-28T08:56:17Z","timestamp":1698483377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02445.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02445.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02445.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-2407","1346-8138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-2407","type":"print"},{"value":"1346-8138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}}}