{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T05:55:03Z","timestamp":1780120503032,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,29]],"date-time":"2010-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1272499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydroquinone (HQ) has been used as a skin\u2010lightening cosmetic ingredient, while it has been known that HQ shows sensitizing potential and cross\u2010reactivity toward a strong sensitizer, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010phenylenediamine (PPD). \u03b1\u2010Arbutin, a glycoside of HQ (4\u2010hydroxyphenyl \u03b1\u2010D\u2010glucopyranoside), is used worldwide as a skin\u2010lightening agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross\u2010reactivity of \u03b1\u2010arbutin toward PPD and HQ. All tests were performed using the guinea pig maximization test. In experiments on the cross\u2010reactivity of \u03b1\u2010arbutin or HQ to PPD, six animals in each group were induced with PPD at 0.1% by i.d. injection and at 1.0% by topical application. The animals were challenged with \u03b1\u2010arbutin, HQ or PPD (as a positive control) at concentrations of 0.01%, 0.05% and 0.1%. In experiments on the cross\u2010reactivity of \u03b1\u2010arbutin to HQ, four animals in each group were induced with HQ at 2% by i.d. injection and at 1% by topical application. The animals were challenged with \u03b1\u2010arbutin or HQ (as a positive control) at concentrations of 0.2%, 2% and 20%. The cross\u2010reactivity toward PPD was observed with HQ (4\/6) only at 0.1% challenge. However, \u03b1\u2010arbutin showed no apparent cross\u2010reactivity to either PPD or HQ even at their highest challenge concentrations. Potent sensitization was observed with PPD (6\/6) even at 0.01% challenge and with HQ (3\/4) at 0.2%. In conclusion, glycosylation of HQ remarkably reduced the sensitization potency of HQ and the cross\u2010reactivity of HQ to PPD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2010.00860.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,30]],"date-time":"2010-04-30T08:24:22Z","timestamp":1272615862000},"page":"455-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Experimental study on cross\u2010reactivity of \u03b1\u2010arbutin toward <i>p<\/i>\u2010phenylenediamine and hydroquinone in guinea pigs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kenji","family":"TO\u2010O","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"NOMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhisa","family":"SUGIMOTO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"NISHIMURA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"KURIKI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"ITOH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1981.tb04060.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1988.tb02921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2001.440503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2006.00803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0922-338X(94)90174-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.59.143"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.58.38"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-1723(02)80037-8","article-title":"Enzymatic synthesis of \u03b1\u2010arbutin by \u03b1\u2010anomer\u2010selective glucosylation of hydroquinone using lyophilized cells of Xanthomonas campestris WU\u20109701","volume":"93","author":"Kurosu J","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biosci Bioeng"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/yakushi1947.115.8_626"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.51.798"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.510"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1263\/jbb.99.272"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"1919","article-title":"A case of contact dermatitis due to arbutin","volume":"41","author":"Kanto H","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rinsho Derma"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1969.42"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0536.2000.042005270.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1994.tb01921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1995.tb00801.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1966.159","article-title":"The identification of contact allergens by human assay. 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