{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T10:34:57Z","timestamp":1790937297840,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnostic and pathological relevance of anti\u2010desmoglein autoantibodies in common forms of pemphigus has been well established, and T cells have been shown to play a role in the onset and progression of these diseases. The role of superantigens in provoking polyclonal activation of T cells with many different fine specificities, possibly including autoreactive T cells and T\u2010cell mediated autoantibody response, is unknown. Further, abnormal T\u2010cell function may lead to opportunistic infections particularly with <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>. The response of T cells of pemphigus patients to recall antigens of these opportunists is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> response of T lymphocytes from pemphigus patients to common bacterial superantigens such as streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B, and recall antigens such as <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen. Changes in CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell sub\u2010populations and expression of naive\/memory markers (CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) on different T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Significant elevation in CD3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and expression of the memory (CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) markers on these cells was observed both in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus patients, as compared to healthy controls, upon stimulation with streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin A and staphylococcal enterotoxin B. However, only memory T cells (CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were significantly increased upon <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> antigen stimulation. Our study suggests that CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> memory T lymphocytes may modulate the pathogenic autoantibody response in pemphigus patients, and also emphasizes the possibility that the superantigen\u2010reactive T cells participate in the triggering of autoimmunity in pemphigus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2011.01253.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T12:03:15Z","timestamp":1310990595000},"page":"980-987","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Possible role of superantigens in inducing autoimmunity in pemphigus patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Sajad A.","family":"DAR","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shukla","family":"DAS","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sambit N.","family":"BHATTACHARYA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishnampettai G.","family":"RAMACHANDRAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanzeel","family":"AHMED","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basu Dev","family":"BANERJEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidharth","family":"SONTHALIA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikas","family":"SOOD","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhil C.","family":"BANERJEA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90360-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000056375"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000024364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198205203062001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(21)00177-0","article-title":"Microbial superantigens as etiopathogenic agents in autoimmunity","volume":"19","author":"Friedman SM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2776(08)60534-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/310244a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(91)90126-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1997.0105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4185","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.10.4185-4187.1995","article-title":"Preferential induction of septic arthritis and mortality by superantigen\u2010producing staphylococci","volume":"63","author":"Bremell T","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/365642a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80338-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1996.tb00934.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(97)90315-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.42901"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7140.2006.00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"545","volume-title":"The Autoimmune Diseases","author":"Lin MS","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119130"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood. 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