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Genetic analyses reveal a consistent genotype\u2013phenotype relationship in piebaldism. However, recently reported cases of piebaldism that are milder or severer than genetically expected indicate that other factors, such as a modifier gene of <jats:italic>MC1R<\/jats:italic>, influence skin and hair color. The KIT ligand\/KIT that triggers the Ras\/mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase signaling pathway play essential functions in the migration, proliferation, survival, melanogenesis and melanosome transfer of the melanocytes. We summarize current research progress in piebaldism and related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01583.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T13:29:20Z","timestamp":1338557360000},"page":"330-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Piebaldism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Oiso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Fukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamio","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","volume-title":"Melanin: 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