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Using TaqMan real\u2010time PCR, specific primers and probes were designed for the identification of pathogenic <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> strains from <jats:italic>pag<\/jats:italic> gene and <jats:italic>cap<\/jats:italic> gene on two plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2, as well as a <jats:italic>sap<\/jats:italic> gene encoded on the S\u2010layer. To select the appropriate lysis method of anthrax spore from environmental samples, several heat treatments and germination methods were evaluated with multiplex\u2010PCR. Among them, heat treatment of samples suspended with sucrose plus non\u2010ionic detergent was considered an effective spore disruption method because it detected up to 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup> spores\/g soil by multiplex\u2010PCR. Serial dilutions of <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> DNA and spore were detected up to a level of 0.1 ng\/\u03bcl and 10 spores\/ml, respectively, at the correlation coefficient of 0.99 by real\u2010time PCR. Quantitative analysis of anthrax spore could be obtained from the comparison between CT value and serial dilutions of soil sample at the correlation coefficient of 0.99. Additionally, spores added to soil samples were detected up to 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> spores\/g soil within 3 hr by real\u2010time PCR. As a consequence, we established a rapid and accurate detection system for environmental anthrax spores using real\u2010time PCR, avoiding time and labor\u2010consuming preparation steps such as enrichment culturing and DNA preparation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03434.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T15:27:04Z","timestamp":1384442824000},"page":"693-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Sensitive and Rapid Quantitative Detection of Anthrax Spores Isolated from Soil Samples by Real\u2010Time PCR"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Chunsun","family":"Ryu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Pathogen Control National Institute of Health  5\u2010Rokbun\u2010dong Eunpyung\u2010gu Seoul 122\u2010701 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyunghee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Pathogen Control National Institute of Health  5\u2010Rokbun\u2010dong Eunpyung\u2010gu Seoul 122\u2010701 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheonkwon","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Pathogen Control National Institute of Health  5\u2010Rokbun\u2010dong Eunpyung\u2010gu Seoul 122\u2010701 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Won Keun","family":"Seong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Pathogen Control National Institute of Health  5\u2010Rokbun\u2010dong Eunpyung\u2010gu Seoul 122\u2010701 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee\u2010Bok","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Pathogen Control National Institute of Health  5\u2010Rokbun\u2010dong Eunpyung\u2010gu Seoul 122\u2010701 Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.2.377-384.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","first-page":"787","article-title":"Bioterrorism alleging use of anthrax and interim guidelines for management\u2014United States, 1998","volume":"281","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Preventation","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.8.2897-2902.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac990347o"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0944-5013(11)80054-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00875.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.61.4.1623-1626.1995","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the 16S to 23S ribosomal intergenic spacer sequences of Bacillus thuringiensis strains and subspecies of closely related species","volume":"61","author":"Bourque S.N.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Appl. 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