{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:55:43Z","timestamp":1761155743320},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3636,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In Taiwan, the number of pertussis cases including various types of infection has been increasing in recent years, especially in 1997. Since 71% of the reported cases concentrated in the densely populated Taipei metropolitan area, concerns have been raised that a highly contagious strain of <jats:italic>Bordetella pertussis<\/jats:italic> might have appeared in Taipei. In this study, 114 strains of <jats:italic>B. pertussis<\/jats:italic> including those isolated in 1992\u20131996 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 53) and 1997 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=61) were subjected to pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the <jats:italic>XbaI<\/jats:italic> digests from their chromosomes. Based on the band patterns, they were divided into 21 subtypes, P1 to P21. The strains isolated in 1997 consist of 17 subtypes including 9 new subtypes which did not appear in the previous years, indicating that the outbreaks in 1997 were not caused by a sole specific virulent strain. Dendrogram analysis indicated that the 21 subtypes can be grouped into five clusters, with the first four subtypes possessing 60 to 95% relatedness to one another, whereas relatedness between cluster 5 (containing P21 only) and the other clusters is less than 50%. Notably, all the subtypes except P12 and P21 appeared at least once in Taipei and the majority of the strains (54%) belong to two clusters, 3 and 4. These results suggest that highly dense population may facilitate spread and accelerate genetic divergence of this pathogen. This is the first report on pertussis molecular epidemiology in Taiwan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03463.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]],"date-time":"2013-11-14T15:25:18Z","timestamp":1384442718000},"page":"903-909","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Bordetella pertussis<\/i> Isolated in Taiwan, 1992\u20131997"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Yeong\u2010Sheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Hsing University  Taichung 402 Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Resources Management Center for Disease Control  Taipei 115 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiou\u2010Ying","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Hsing University  Taichung 402 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng\u2010Hsiung","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Resources Management Center for Disease Control  Taipei 115 Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Research and Development Chungtai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology  Taichung 406 Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Hsiung","family":"Tseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology National Chung Hsing University  Taichung 402 Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Research and Development Chungtai Institute of Health Sciences and Technology  Taichung 406 Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Update: vaccine side effects, adverse reactions, contraindications, and precautions. 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