{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T02:07:27Z","timestamp":1780538847403,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,25]],"date-time":"2004-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1080172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> Prompted by the history of heroin diffusion in the United States, press reports and building on previous research into retail heroin distribution, ethnographic research was undertaken identifying and describing retail distribution and diffusion of heroin in and into medium\u2010 and small\u2010sized towns in the mid\u2010Hudson region of New York State.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods\u2003<\/jats:bold> In conjunction with fieldwork, in\u2010depth tape\u2010recorded interviews were conducted with recent admissions (30 days) at 28 different drug treatment facilities located in the region. Interviews were also conducted with drug counselors, narcotic officers, drug treatment administrators and the county commissioners of mental hygiene.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Heroin\u2010dependent individuals who have access to cheaper heroin in urban areas, such as New York City, Newark, and Patterson, New Jersey, drive retail heroin distribution in the mid\u2010Hudson region. They travel to these cities, purchase heroin in quantity (costing $8\u201310 per bag), return to the region and sell premium\u2010priced heroin ($20\u2010$25 per bag) mostly to irregular users who do not have access to retail drug sellers in urban areas.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion\u2003<\/jats:bold> Price disparity contributes to a recurrent process whereby irregular users who are able to gain access to cheaper heroin in urban areas, return to the mid\u2010Hudson and sell premium\u2010priced heroin to other users who do not have access to cheaper heroin. This process contributes to the diffusion of heroin abuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00673.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,3,25]],"date-time":"2004-03-25T18:43:02Z","timestamp":1080240182000},"page":"431-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Heroin diffusion in the mid\u2010Hudson region of New York State"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"R. 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