{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T22:42:08Z","timestamp":1770504128100,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]],"date-time":"2004-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1089936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> To compare the relative frequency of eight indicators of problem drug use and potentially adverse social circumstances in drug\u2010using parents and non\u2010parents and to explore whether a profile based on these characteristics differs according to whether or not dependent children live with their drug\u2010using parent.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> The study utilizes a 5\u2003year national UK treatment monitoring system data set.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Sample\u2003<\/jats:bold> 61\u2003425 users with, and 105\u2003473 without dependent children accessing drug treatment services in England and Wales between January 1996 and December 2000.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Information about parenthood and children's residence was routinely collected. Drug use and social circumstance indicators were daily heroin use, daily alcohol use, regular stimulant use, sharing of injecting equipment, living with another user, living alone, unstable accommodation, and criminal justice referral.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> There were clear differences between drug\u2010using parents according to where children live. Parents with children at home and non\u2010parents showed fewer of the indicators than parents with children in care or elsewhere. Sixty\u2010five percent of parents with none of the indicators lived with their children, compared with only 28% of those with three indicators and 9% of those with six or more indicators. Parents with children in care or living elsewhere showed the highest prevalence for each individual indicator.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> Drug\u2010using parents demonstrate a range of potentially unfavourable drug use behaviours and social circumstances, but those whose children live with them use drugs less frequently and live in more favourable conditions than those whose children live elsewhere. Protective factors may operate in family situations, while severe drug use and adverse social circumstances may result in a breakdown of family structures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00786.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]],"date-time":"2004-07-16T14:51:29Z","timestamp":1089989489000},"page":"955-961","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Characteristics of drug users who do or do not have care of their children"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Petra S.","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Donmall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"McElduff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Hidden Harm\u2014Responding to the Needs of Children of Problem Drug Users","author":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00664.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826088609027399"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)36941-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(92)90064-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198805053181806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00361"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1129983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089009105125"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079181"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/352849"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02796015.1995.12085761"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-6155.1998.tb00215.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999409106780"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00130-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.3.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.959141711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199506000-00019"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2004.00786.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00786.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T11:58:29Z","timestamp":1698753509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00786.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00786.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00786.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2004-07-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}