{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T23:30:10Z","timestamp":1768260610995,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"s2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]],"date-time":"2004-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> To examine the comparability, reliability and predictive validity of two instruments used to assess alcohol use and dependence: the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) and the Form 90 Timeline Followback (TLFB) method.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design, setting and participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> Adolescents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003101) admitted to a residential treatment program in the United States were interviewed at intake with the GAIN, and again within a week with a variation of TLFB, called Form 90. Alcohol and cannabis measures were compared and used to predict the number of past\u2010month substance abuse and dependence symptoms.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurement\u2003<\/jats:bold> Self\u2010report measures of days of alcohol and cannabis use in the 90\u2003days prior to intake, peak number of drinks\/joints used, peak blood alcohol content (BAC) and alcohol and cannabis abuse and dependence symptom counts.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Results revealed that the measures had: (a) excellent comparability (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.7\u20130.8) across the two instruments; (b) deteriorating reliability after reported peak BAC levels exceeded 0.50 and peak joints exceeding 19; and (c) similar and strong relationships between use measures and the number of abuse\/dependence symptoms across measures and instruments.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> In a sample of 101 adolescents who were admitted to residential treatment for alcohol or drug dependence, the corresponding measures from the two instruments produced comparable results. If the cross\u2010validation of these two measures generalizes to adolescents treated in out\u2010patient settings and other adolescent treatment populations, the GAIN and Form 90 may provide useful core alcohol measures for meta\u2010analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00859.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]],"date-time":"2004-10-15T13:43:01Z","timestamp":1097847781000},"page":"120-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Cross\u2010validation of the alcohol and cannabis use measures in the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) and Timeline Followback (TLFB; Form 90) among adolescents in substance abuse treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Dennis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodney","family":"Funk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan Harrington","family":"Godley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Godley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Waldron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Patient Placement Criteria for the Treatment of Psychoactive Substance Disorders","author":"American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1998.59.427"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"The Impact of Managed Care on Publicly Funded Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment: Service Use and 6\u2010Month Outcomes in Oregon and Washington.","author":"Carlson M. 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