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As such, electronic gaming machines have been referred to as the \u2018crack\u2010cocaine\u2019 of gambling. While this analogy has popular appeal, it is only recently that the scientific community has begun to investigate its validity. In line with the belief that electronic gambling has a higher \u2018addictive\u2019 potential than other forms of gambling, research has also begun to focus on identifying the characteristics of gaming machines that may be associated with problem gambling behaviour.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims and methods\u2003<\/jats:bold> This paper will review the different types of modern electronic gaming machines, and will use the introduction of gaming machines to Australia to examine the association between electronic gaming and problem gambling, with particular reference to the characteristics of modern electronic gaming machines.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings and conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> Despite overwhelming acceptance that gaming machines are associated with the highest level of problem gambling, the empirical literature provides inconclusive evidence to support the analogy likening electronic gaming to \u2018crack\u2010cocaine\u2019. Rigorous and systematic evaluation is required to establish definitively the absolute \u2018addictive\u2019 potential of gaming machines and the degree to which machine characteristics influence the development and maintenance of problem gambling behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.00962.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]],"date-time":"2004-12-10T15:09:03Z","timestamp":1102691343000},"page":"33-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":247,"title":["Electronic gaming machines: are they the \u2018crack\u2010cocaine\u2019 of gambling?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Nicki","family":"Dowling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trang","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Abbott M. 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