{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T23:55:52Z","timestamp":1792713352488,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> The present study sought to replicate and extend a small pilot study conducted by Baker, Boggs &amp; Lewin (2001) which demonstrated that brief interventions consisting of motivational interviewing and cognitive\u2010behaviour therapy (CBT) were feasible and associated with better outcomes compared with a control condition.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Randomized controlled trial (RCT).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Greater Brisbane Region of Queensland and Newcastle, NSW, Australia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> The study was conducted among 214 regular amphetamine users.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Demographic characteristics, past and present alcohol and other drug use and mental health, treatment, amphetamine\u2010related harms and severity of dependence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> The main finding of this study was that there was a significant increase in the likelihood of abstinence from amphetamines among those receiving two or more treatment sessions. In addition, the number of treatment sessions attended had a significant short\u2010term beneficial effect on level of depression. There were no intervention effects on any other variables (HIV risk\u2010taking, crime, social functioning and health). Overall, there was a marked reduction in amphetamine use among this sample over time and, apart from abstinence rates and short\u2010term effects on depression level, this was not differential by treatment group. Reduction in amphetamine use was accompanied by significant improvements in stage of change, benzodiazepine use, tobacco smoking, polydrug use, injecting risk\u2010taking behaviour, criminal activity level, and psychiatric distress and depression level.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> A stepped\u2010care approach is recommended. The first step in providing an effective intervention among many regular amphetamine users, particularly those attending non\u2010treatment settings, may include provision of: a structured assessment of amphetamine use and related problems; self\u2010help material; and regular monitoring of amphetamine use and related harms. Regular amphetamine users who present to treatment settings could be offered two sessions of CBT, while people with moderate to severe levels of depression may best be offered four sessions of CBT for amphetamine use from the outset, with further treatment for amphetamine use and\/or depression depending on response. Pharmacotherapy and\/or longer\u2010term psychotherapy may be suitable for non\u2010responders. An RCT of a stepped\u2010care approach among regular amphetamine users is suggested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01002.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,25]],"date-time":"2005-02-25T21:40:09Z","timestamp":1109367609000},"page":"367-378","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":170,"title":["Brief cognitive behavioural interventions for regular amphetamine users: a step in the right direction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Baker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Claire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terry J.","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonja","family":"Pohlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B.","family":"Saunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Kay\u2010Lambkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Constable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Jenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaughan J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.96912797.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","article-title":"Amphetamine use and co\u2010occurring psychological disorders: a review of the literature and implications for treatment","author":"Baker A.","journal-title":"Australian Psychologist"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Models of Intervention and Care for Psychostimulant Users","author":"Baker A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"A Brief Cognitive\u2010Behavioural Intervention for Regular Amphetamine Users.","author":"Baker A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129408258670"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0959523031000154472"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Beck Depression Inventory","author":"Beck A. 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