{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T01:37:13Z","timestamp":1771378633763,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,14]],"date-time":"2006-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1139875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> This paper examines differences between early\u2010 and late\u2010onset injection drug users (12\u201316\u2003years versus 17\u201324\u2003years) in terms of the antecedents and circumstances of first injection.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Cross\u2010sectional retrospective design, using logistic regression.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Australia: Sydney, Brisbane, rural New South Wales.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> A total of 336 injection drug users aged 16\u201325\u2003years at the time of interview.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Independent variables included family injection drug use, homelessness and other demographic variables, drugs used prior to the first injection, length of pre\u2010injection drug career, behaviours at time of first injection (e.g. drug injected, reasons\/motives for the first injection, risk behaviours).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Early\u2010onset injection was associated independently with: having a family who injected drugs, having left school early, an unreliable source of income, a short pre\u2010injection drug career, planning of the first injection, reliance on others for administration of the first injection and denial that experimentation was the motive for the first injection. In bivariate analysis, early\u2010onset injection was associated further with: homelessness, being an Indigenous Australian, omission of use of certain pre\u2010injection drugs, group presence at first injection, reliance on others for acquisition of the first needle and syringe and having injected the first time because an injection was offered.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> The research shows that early\u2010onset, compared with late\u2010onset injectors, are more likely to have an immediate family who inject drugs and other problematic beginnings in early life. They have an accelerated transition to injection, and differences in autonomy and motivation at first injection. These characteristics may make them more vulnerable to risk taking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01379.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,14]],"date-time":"2006-02-14T16:02:10Z","timestamp":1139932930000},"page":"548-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Some characteristics of early\u2010onset injection drug users prior to and at the time of their first injection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Abelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Treloar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Kippax","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Van Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511571138.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00952999209026066"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-199306000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00221329809596144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239800187391"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1996.918118710.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.53.6.890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb02867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1997.tb03198.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/phr\/116.S1.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00200-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200207000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.70.6.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.103.S2.1085"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1992.53.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015183927979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1997.58.638"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","first-page":"437","volume-title":"Developmental Psychopathology: Perspectives on Adjustment, Risk and Disorder","author":"Luthar S. 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