{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T03:13:23Z","timestamp":1793934803941,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,9]],"date-time":"2006-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold>To examine the relationship between gambling behaviours and risk of gambling\u2010related harm in a nationally representative population sample.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold>Risk curves of gambling frequency and expenditure (total amount and percentage of income) were plotted against harm from gambling.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold>Data derived from 19\u2003012 individuals participating in the Canadian Community Health Survey\u2014Mental Health and Well\u2010being cycle, a comprehensive interview\u2010based survey conducted by Statistics Canada in 2002.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurement\u2003<\/jats:bold>Gambling behaviours and related harms were assessed with the Canadian Problem Gambling Index.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold>Risk curves indicated the chances of experiencing gambling\u2010related harm increased steadily the more often one gambles and the more money one invests in gambling. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified the optimal limits for low\u2010risk participation as gambling no more than two to three times per month, spending no more than $501\u20131000CAN per year on gambling and investing no more than 1% of gross family income on gambling activities. Logistic regression modelling confirmed a significant increase in the risk of gambling\u2010related harm (odds ratios ranging from 2.0 to 7.7) when these limits were exceeded.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold>Risk curves are a promising methodology for examining the relationship between gambling participation and risk of harm. The development of low\u2010risk gambling limits based on risk curve analysis appears to be feasible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01392.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,9]],"date-time":"2006-03-09T16:33:54Z","timestamp":1141922034000},"page":"570-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Risk of harm among gamblers in the general population as a function of level of participation in gambling activities"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Shawn R.","family":"Currie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David C.","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JianLi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nady","family":"El\u2010Guebaly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Wynne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Moderate drinking and health: a joint policy statement based on the International Symposium on Moderate Drinking and Health, 30 April\u22121 May, 1993, Toronto, Canada","volume":"151","author":"Addiction Research Foundation\/Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse (ARF\/CCSA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Gambling in Canada: an Overview","author":"Azmier J.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Gambling in Canada 2005: Statistics and Context","author":"Azmier J.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780192632616.001.0001","volume-title":"Alcohol \u2010 No Ordinary Commodity: Research and Public Policy","author":"Babor T. 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