{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T19:06:21Z","timestamp":1761764781578},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> To assess the efficacy and safety of orally administered heroin [diacetylmorphine (DAM)] tablets in substitution treatment of severely addicted opioid users.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> An open\u2010label, prospective cohort study with two non\u2010randomly assigned treatment arms and historical controls: DAM tablets only versus DAM tablets combined with injected DAM and\/or other opioids, with an observation period of 1 year.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Twenty\u2010one out\u2010patient treatment centres of the Swiss heroin\u2010assisted treatment programme.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> A total of 128 patients received DAM tablets only, and 237 patients received a combination of orally and intravenously applied DAM and other opioids.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Retention rate after 1 year; number of serious adverse events; dosage of DAM over time; subjective tolerance of study medication.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> In the intention\u2010to\u2010treat analysis, 1\u2010year retention rates after 1 year in the DAM tablets\u2010only group [0.804, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2003=\u20030.735\u20130.873] as well as in the subgroup combining oral application of DAM with intravenous application or other opioids (0.843, 95% CI\u2003=\u20030.797\u20130.889) were higher compared to historical controls (Swiss cohort of patients who had been substituted intravenously with DAM; 1\u2010year retention rate\u2003=\u20030.70). Rates of serious adverse events under study medication (tablets only\u2003=\u20030.038 per application year; tablets in combination\u2003=\u20030.028 per application year) were comparable to the historical rate of the Swiss heroin\u2010assisted treatment (0.043).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> DAM tablets seem to be an effective and safe application mode of heroin\u2010assisted substitution treatment. Randomized clinical trials to compare its relative efficacy to other substances are necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01569.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,21]],"date-time":"2006-09-21T14:47:07Z","timestamp":1158850027000},"page":"1631-1639","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A prospective cohort study on orally administered heroin substitution for severely addicted opioid users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Frick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Rehm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Kovacic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannine","family":"Ammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ambros","family":"Uchtenhagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"1109","volume-title":"Comparative quantification of health risks. 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K\u00e4serR.et\u2003al.Qualit\u00e4tssicherung in der Heroin gest\u00fctzten Behandlung (HegeBe) der Schweiz seit 2001: Methodische Anmerkungen zu Zielkriterien Adjustierung des Patienten\u2010Mix und Zentrumsvergleichen [Quality control and assurance in the heroin\u2010assisted treatment in Switzerland after 2001: methodological remarks with respect to outcome criteria adjusting the patient mix and comparisons between treatment centres].Gesundheits\u00f6konomie Qualit\u00e4tsmanagement2006;11:155\u201361.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858751"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","volume-title":"Unerw\u00fcnschte Arzneimittelwirkungen in der Heroin gest\u00fctzten Behandlung (HegeBe) im Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Applikationsformen in den Jahren 2001\/2002\u2014Eine Auswertung der Statistik der Hegebe Meldestelle Sowie Einer Befragung Im Rahmen der Klinischen Monitors [Adverse events in heroin\u2010assisted treatment in different forms of application of opioids in 2001 and 2002 in Switzerland].","author":"Hartwig C.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","unstructured":"GerlichM. 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