{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:35:15Z","timestamp":1791873315848,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,3]],"date-time":"2007-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold>To compare the blood toxicology of heroin overdose cases and morphine positive homicide victims.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold>Analysis of coronial cases.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold>Sydney, Australia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Cases\u2003<\/jats:bold>A total of 705 cases of death due to opioid toxicity and 28 morphine positive homicide cases (1 January 1998\u201331 December 2002).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold>There was no significant difference between the median morphine concentrations of the overdose and homicide groups (0.50 versus 0.45\u2003mg\/l). The overdose group was more likely to have blood alcohol (OR 3.21) present, but less likely to have methadone (OR 0.26) and cannabis (OR 0.04). There was a significant negative correlation between blood morphine and alcohol concentrations among the overdose group (rho\u2003=\u2003\u22120.32), but not among the homicide group (rho\u2003=\u2003\u22120.03). Independent predictors of a higher blood morphine concentration were a lower alcohol concentration and a higher methadone concentration.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold>Morphine concentrations<jats:italic>per se<\/jats:italic>are not diagnostic of overdose. The study confirms the salience of concomitant alcohol consumption in such events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01980.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,7]],"date-time":"2007-09-07T09:12:45Z","timestamp":1189156365000},"page":"1793-1797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Comparative toxicology of fatal heroin overdose cases and morphine positive homicide victims"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Shane","family":"Darke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Duflou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharlene","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511543692"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00147-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jtg029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00330.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00128-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1606635021000010261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(98)00003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00207-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS12902J","article-title":"The role of ethanol abuse in the etiology of heroin\u2010related death","volume":"35","author":"Ruttenber A. 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