{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T15:29:02Z","timestamp":1791127742607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]],"date-time":"2008-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1202169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aims and methods\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    This paper provides an overview of some of the probable active ingredients of self\u2010help groups in light of four related theories that identify common social processes that appear to underlie effective psychosocial treatments for and continuing remission from these disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Social control theory specifies active ingredients such as bonding, goal direction and structure; social learning theory specifies the importance of norms and role models, behavioral economics and behavioral choice theory emphasizes involvement in rewarding activities other than substance use, and stress and coping theory highlights building self\u2010efficacy and effective coping skills. A review of existing studies suggests that the emphasis on these active ingredients probably underlies some aspects of the effectiveness of self\u2010help groups.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold>\n                    Several issues that need to be addressed to enhance understanding of the active ingredients of action of self\u2010help groups are discussed, including consideration of indices of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) affiliation as active ingredients, identification of personal characteristics that may moderate the influence of active ingredients on substance use outcomes, examination of whether active ingredients of self\u2010help groups, can amplify or compensate for treatment, identification of potential detrimental effects of involvement in self\u2010help groups and focusing on the link between active ingredients of self\u2010help groups and other aspects of the overall recovery milieu, such as the family and social networks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.02111.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,6]],"date-time":"2008-02-06T00:12:46Z","timestamp":1202256766000},"page":"387-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Active ingredients of substance use\u2010focused self\u2010help groups"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Rudolf H.","family":"Moos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Patterns and correlates of self\u2010help group membership in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Kessler R. 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