{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:21:15Z","timestamp":1790166075879,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,17]],"date-time":"2009-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> The aim of this paper is to examine the familial aggregation of cannabis use disorders and other psychiatric conditions among first\u2010degree relatives and spouses of probands with a cannabis use disorder.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Controlled family study methods.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Out\u2010patient psychiatric clinics and the local community (same geographic area).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> Two hundred and sixty\u2010two probands with a life\u2010time history of cannabis use disorder, alcohol dependence, anxiety disorders or no history of any disorder, and their first\u2010degree relatives and spouses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Cannabis use disorders and other DSM\u2010III\u2010R disorders in the relatives and spouses using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Results reveal an elevated risk of life\u2010time history of cannabis use disorders among siblings [odds ratio (OR: 3.6), adult offspring (OR): 6.9], and spouses (OR: 4.4) of probands with cannabis use disorders. There is a latent familial factor underlying cannabis use disorders that was shared partially with alcohol abuse\/dependence. Comorbid mood and anxiety disorders aggregated independently from cannabis use disorders in families. Equal elevation in the magnitude of the association among the first\u2010degree adult relatives and spouses of probands with a cannabis use disorder suggests the probable contribution of both environmental and genetic factors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> These findings support a family\u2010based approach to drug abuse intervention and the importance of future research concerning environmental mediators of familial transmission of drug abuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02468.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,17]],"date-time":"2009-03-17T17:14:05Z","timestamp":1237310045000},"page":"622-629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The familial aggregation of cannabis use disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Kathleen R.","family":"Merikangas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julan Julia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke","family":"Stipelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Fucito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Swendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"Monitoring the Future, National Results on Adolescent Drug Use: Overview of Key Findings, 2003","author":"Johnston L. 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