{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,2]],"date-time":"2025-11-02T19:21:37Z","timestamp":1762111297539},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]],"date-time":"2011-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1303948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> To identify and validate homogeneous subtypes of opioid use and related behaviors.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Family\u2010based and case\u2013control genetic studies of opioid and\/or cocaine dependence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Settings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Clinical and general community samples from Connecticut, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and South Carolina.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> A total of 4061 individuals (2003 individuals from 835 families and 2058 unrelated individuals) recruited to participate in genetic studies.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> The computer\u2010assisted Semi\u2010Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA) was used to assess participants' demographics, medical history, substance use behaviors and disorders and other psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Five homogeneous subtypes were identified, which differed on opioid\u2010related measures, demographics and prevalence rates of substance use and psychiatric disorders. Heritability estimates for the two most severely affected subtypes exceeded 0.60.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> An empirical approach based on opioid use and related behaviors can yield homogeneous subtypes that could be of value in gene finding for opioid dependence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03390.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T12:29:24Z","timestamp":1297340964000},"page":"1146-1154","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Empirically derived subtypes of opioid use and related behaviors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Grace","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel","family":"Gelernter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Oslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Farrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry R.","family":"Kranzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","volume-title":"Results from the 2006 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: National Findings","author":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220500243364"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.4.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2003.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","volume-title":"Multivariate Descriptive Statistical Analysis: Correspondence Analysis and Related Techniques for Large Martices","author":"Lebart L.","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503631"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820080007002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2009.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2004.08.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"651","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Measurement and Statistics","author":"Abdi H.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3151485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1987.10478446"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412993906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294151"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"377","article-title":"Sur le Calcul des taux d'inertie dans l'analyse d'un questionaire [The calculation of the rate of inertia in the analysis of a questionnaire], Addendum et erratum \u00e1","volume":"4","author":"Benzecri J. P.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Cah Anal Donnees"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","unstructured":"AlsabtiK. RankaS. SinghV.An efficient \u03ba\u2010means clustering algorithm. InProceedings of the First Workshop on High Performance Data Mining1998 Orlando FL."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10683-007-9168-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2002.1017616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","unstructured":"MacQueenJ.Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations.Proceedings of the 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability 1967;1:281\u201397. Available at:http:\/\/web.inf.unibz.it\/dis\/teaching\/DWDM\/project2009\/K\u2010means.pdf(accessed 9 February 2010; archived by Webcite athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/5sRsBQRcp)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01890115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02289588"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1963.10500845"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03610917408548446"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","volume-title":"Pattern Classification and Scene Analysis","author":"Duda R. O.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","volume-title":"Cubic Clustering Criterion. In SAS Technical Report A\u2010108","author":"Sarle W. S.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","volume-title":"Genetics and Analysis of Quantitative Traits","author":"Lynch M.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","volume-title":"SAS Release 9.2","author":"SAS","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/301844"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-6561-3-s7-s53"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/14502190810906437"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00878.x"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2011.03390.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03390.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T16:37:06Z","timestamp":1697560626000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03390.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03390.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03390.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-04-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}