{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:57:20Z","timestamp":1790708240343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]],"date-time":"2011-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> To evaluate physical and mental health and compare treatment outcomes in opiate\u2010dependent patients substituted either with heroin or methadone.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Twelve\u2010month open\u2010label randomized controlled trial.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Out\u2010patient substitution clinics in seven German cities.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> A total of 1015 opiate\u2010dependent individuals.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Opiate Treatment Index\u2013Health Scale Score (OTI), Body Mass Index (BMI), serology for infectious diseases such as hepatitis B, C and human immunodeficiency virus as well as tuberculosis, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS), electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, Symptom Checklist 90\u2010R (SCL\u201090\u2010R), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Modular System for Quality of Life and study medication\u2010related serious adverse events (SAE).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Improvements were found in both heroin and methadone substituted patients regarding OTI, BMI, KPS, SCL\u201090\u2010R, and GAF, but they were more pronounced for the heroin group (analysis of variance, all <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.000). The frequency of pathological echocardiograms decreased in the heroin group and increased in the methadone group (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test, &lt;0.05). Markers for infectious diseases and frequencies of pathological ECGs did not differ between baseline and 12 months, or between treatment groups. Study medication\u2010related serious adverse events, all of which were treated successfully, occurred 2.5 times more often in the heroin group. The majority of heroin\u2010related SAEs (41 of 58) occurred within a few minutes of the injections.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> The integration of severe injection drug users either in methadone or heroin\u2010assisted maintenance treatment has positive effects on most physical and mental change\u2010sensitive variables, with heroin showing superior results. Due to medication\u2010related adverse events, patients should be observed for 15 minutes after a heroin injection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03463.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,14]],"date-time":"2011-04-14T09:45:32Z","timestamp":1302774332000},"page":"1647-1655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Physical and mental health in severe opioid\u2010dependent patients within a randomized controlled maintenance treatment trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Reimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Verthein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Karow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingo","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Naber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Haasen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000186812.01202.a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200411190-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540110080791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"Nutritional status of the opiate dependent persons after 4 years of methadone maintenance treatment","volume":"62","author":"Kolarzyk E.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Przegl Lek"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.00916.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00244-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000081412"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000245759.13997.9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00171-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","article-title":"Methadone maintenance versus no opioid therapy for opioid dependence","author":"Mattick R. 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