{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:23:19Z","timestamp":1763036599993},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]],"date-time":"2011-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1311724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> Although the co\u2010occurrence of post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and cocaine dependence is associated with a wide range of negative clinical outcomes, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie this association. This study investigated one potential mechanism\u2014attentional bias to cocaine imagery following trauma cue exposure.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Male and female cocaine\u2010dependent in\u2010patients with and without PTSD were exposed to both a neutral and personalized trauma script on separate days, followed by a visual dot\u2010probe task. A 2 (PTSD versus non\u2010PTSD)\u2003\u00d7\u20032 (neutral versus trauma script)\u2003\u00d7\u20032 (male versus female) design was used to examine hypotheses.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Participants were recruited from a residential substance use disorder (SUD) treatment center.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> Participants were 60 trauma\u2010exposed cocaine dependent in\u2010patients, 30 with current PTSD and 30 without a history of PTSD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Attentional bias was assessed using a visual dot\u2010probe task depicting cocaine\u2010related imagery following both a neutral script and personalized trauma script.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Following neutral script exposure, PTSD (versus non\u2010PTSD) participants exhibited an attentional bias away from cocaine imagery. This effect was reversed following trauma script exposure, with PTSD participants exhibiting a greater attentional bias towards the location of cocaine imagery than non\u2010PTSD participants. Severity of subjective distress following trauma script exposure predicted level of attentional bias among PTSD participants.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> Cocaine appears to serve an emotion\u2010regulating function among post\u2010traumatic stress disorder patients and may be a potential target for brief post\u2010traumatic stress disorder\u2013substance use disorder interventions that can facilitate residential substance use disorder treatment retention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03508.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,25]],"date-time":"2011-05-25T15:51:25Z","timestamp":1306338685000},"page":"1810-1818","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Cocaine\u2010related attentional bias following trauma cue exposure among cocaine dependent in\u2010patients with and without post\u2010traumatic stress disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Tull","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"Gratz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott F.","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl W.","family":"Lejuez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2004.00309.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.5.664"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.8.1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.593"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.6.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.10.2.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(99)00088-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.11.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.13.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00081-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","volume-title":"Relapse Prevention: Maintenance Strategies in the Treatment of Addictive Behaviors","author":"Marlatt G. A.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.97.2.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1998.9310153910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00065-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-003-1542-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.9.1.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2010.525253"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.610"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.111.1.33"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/12067-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1375\/bech.25.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2006.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e328173969b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.4.1.29"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agm064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9611038.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2003.tb00484.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.15.2.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2009.00926.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/026999398379808"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","volume-title":"The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale","author":"Blake D. D.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","unstructured":"FirstM. B. SpitzerR. L. GibbonM. WilliamsJ. B. W.Structured clinical interview for DSM\u2010IV AXIS I disorders\u2014patient edition (SCID\u2010I\/P version 2.0). Unpublished measure. New York NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute;1996."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01321326"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","first-page":"571","article-title":"Fear imagery and fear behavior: psychophysiological analysis of clients receiving treatment for anxiety disorders","volume":"19","author":"Levin D. N.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800230050009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.6.914"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.1.152"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.20.4.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.95.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1995.tb01434.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-164X.17.1.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130100764"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582305275423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490100409"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.113.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.554"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_2","volume-title":"Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales","author":"Lovibond S. H.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_2","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Practitioner's Guide to Empirically Based Measures of Anxiety","author":"Roemer L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2009.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2008.22.5.509"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2005.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(75)90026-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2003.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_2","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick B. G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00008877-200402000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(97)00053-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466599162845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.40"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.153.3.369"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1528-3542.6.2.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00157-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.7.1020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20637"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012589"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013643"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-25989-9_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012906"}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2011.03508.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03508.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,16]],"date-time":"2023-10-16T23:04:30Z","timestamp":1697497470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03508.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03508.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03508.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-07-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}