{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T07:20:36Z","timestamp":1769239236979,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]],"date-time":"2011-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> To characterize factors associated with injection cessation, relapse and initiation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> The Madras Injection Drug User and AIDS Cohort Study (MIDACS) is a prospective cohort of injection drug users (IDUs) recruited in 2005\u201306 with semi\u2010annual follow\u2010up to 2009. Discrete\u2010time survival models were used to characterize predictors of time to first injection cessation and relapse.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> Chennai, India.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> A total of 855 IDUs who reported injecting in the 6 months prior to baseline and had &gt;1 follow\u2010up visit.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurements\u2003<\/jats:bold> Cessation was defined as the first visit where no injection drug use was reported (prior 6 months) and relapse as the first visit where drug injection (prior 6 months) was reported after first cessation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> All participants were male; median age was 35 years. Over 3 years, 92.7% reported cessation [incidence rate (IR): 117 per 100 person\u2010years]. Factors associated positively with cessation included daily injection and incarceration and factors associated negatively with cessation included marriage, alcohol and homelessness. Of those who reported cessation, 23.6% relapsed (IR: 19.7 per 100 person\u2010years). Factors associated positively with relapse included any education, injection in the month prior to baseline, sex with a casual partner, non\u2010injection drug use, incarceration and homelessness. Alcohol was associated negatively with relapse. The primary reasons for cessation were medical conditions (37%) and family pressure (22%). The majority initiated with non\u2010injection drugs, transitioning to injection after a median 4 years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> Injection drug users in southern India demonstrate a high rate of injection cessation over 3 years, but relapse is not uncommon. Compensatory increases in alcohol use indicate that cessation of injection does not mean cessation of all substance use. Family pressure, concerns about general health, fear of human immunodeficiency virus infection and a history of non\u2010injection drug use are important correlates of cessation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03602.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,4]],"date-time":"2011-08-04T17:04:46Z","timestamp":1312477486000},"page":"349-358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Factors associated with injection cessation, relapse and initiation in a community\u2010based cohort of injection drug users in Chennai, India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Shruti H.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darshan","family":"Sudarshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aylur K.","family":"Srikrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Celentano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Canjeevaram K.","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santhanam","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muniratnam Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"Latkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suniti","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunil S.","family":"Solomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61311-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2005.019471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.9422216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.961014559.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60742-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199817000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01912.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60232-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.81.10.1291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00952990601175037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01577.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-100101873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp416"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.10.1034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3172"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.95459110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","unstructured":"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).2008 World Drug Report. Report no.: United Nations Publication Sales no. E.08.XI.1 978\u201092\u2010I\u2010148229\u20104.UNODC; New York NY:United Nations Publication.2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","unstructured":"National AIDS Control Organization.HIV sentinel surveillance and HIV estimation in India 2007: a technical brief. New Delhi:National AIDS Control Organization.2008."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181831e85"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832a594e"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq288"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826080903452447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","first-page":"447","article-title":"Comorbidities among HIV\u2010infected injection drug users in Chennai, India","volume":"127","author":"Solomon S. S.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","first-page":"706","article-title":"Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection and liver disease among injection drug users (IDUs) in Chennai, India","volume":"132","author":"Mehta S. H.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000160713.94203.9b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-3959(99)00057-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07642-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.4.450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200302010-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2008.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200301010-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7517-4-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802486301"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2004.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","unstructured":"National AIDS Control Organization.National AIDS Control Programme Phase III (2006\u20132011): Strategy and Implementation Plan.2006. Available at:http:\/\/wwwnacoonlineorg\/National_AIDS_Control_Program\/(accessed 11 August 2008. Archived by WebCite athttp:\/\/www.webcitation.org\/61MDZUupe)."}],"container-title":["Addiction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1360-0443.2011.03602.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03602.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T03:13:56Z","timestamp":1698722036000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03602.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03602.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03602.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0965-2140","1360-0443"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0965-2140","type":"print"},{"value":"1360-0443","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-10-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}