{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T08:56:59Z","timestamp":1762505819971},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]],"date-time":"2012-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims\u2003<\/jats:bold> This paper examines the effects of experiencing violent victimization in young adulthood on pathways of substance use from adolescence to mid\u2010adulthood.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Design\u2003<\/jats:bold> Data come from four assessments of an African American community cohort followed longitudinally from age 6 to 42 years.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Setting\u2003<\/jats:bold> The cohort lived in the urban, disadvantaged Woodlawn neighborhood of Chicago in 1966.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Participants\u2003<\/jats:bold> All first graders from the public and parochial schools were asked to participate (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20031242).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Measurement\u2003<\/jats:bold> Dependent variables\u2014alcohol, marijuana and cocaine use\u2014came from self\u2010reports at age 42. Young adult violent victimization was reported at age 32, as were acts of violence, substance use, social integration and socio\u2010economic resources. First grade risk factors came from mothers' and teachers' reports; adolescent substance use was self\u2010reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Findings\u2003<\/jats:bold> Structural equation models indicate a pathway from adolescent substance use to young adult violent victimization for females and those who did not grow up in extreme poverty (betas ranging from 0.15 to 0.20, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05). In turn, experiencing violent victimization in young adulthood increased alcohol, marijuana and cocaine use, yet results varied by gender and early poverty status (betas ranging from 0.12 to 0.15, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions\u2003<\/jats:bold> Violent victimization appears to play an important role in perpetuating substance use among the African American population. However, within\u2010group variations are evident, identifying those who are not raised in extreme poverty as the most negatively affected by violence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03665.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,24]],"date-time":"2011-09-24T08:24:35Z","timestamp":1316852675000},"page":"339-348","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["A longitudinal study of substance use and violent victimization in adulthood among a cohort of urban African Americans"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Elaine Eggleston","family":"Doherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith A.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kerry M.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate E.","family":"Fothergill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret E.","family":"Ensminger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","unstructured":"FrenchK. 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