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Almost half the population reported either a life\u2010time drinking course of risky drinking (19%) or resumed risky drinking after at least one interval of abstinence or moderate drinking (25%), while about one\u2010fifth followed a never risky or risky to moderate drinking course. Offenders with a life\u2010time diagnosis of substance dependence more often transitioned to risky drinking, and those with life\u2010time alcohol dependence were more prone to transition to abstinence. Across time, those who began risky drinking at age 15 years or later quit at double the rate of those who began before age 15 years. Women's and men's drinking courses were similar, but women began risky drinking at a later age and moved to abstinence more often.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among people convicted of driving while impaired in the United States, younger age of initiation of drinking and co\u2010occurrence of psychiatric and substance use appear to be associated with a poorer trajectory of subsequent risky drinking behaviour. Women who are convicted of driving while impaired appear to start drinking later in life and be more likely to subsequently become abstainers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03963.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,8]],"date-time":"2012-06-08T15:26:50Z","timestamp":1339169210000},"page":"1947-1956","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Life\u2010time drinking course of driving\u2010while\u2010impaired offenders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Sandra C.","family":"Lapham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Betty J.","family":"Skipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioral Health Research Center of the Southwest Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation  Albuquerque NM USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcia","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prevention Research Center Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation  Berkeley CA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"18","volume-title":"Drunk Driving: Seeking Additional Solutions","author":"Hedlund J. 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