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The present study was conducted in order to assess the relationship between beginning\n MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n use and subsequent cognitive performance and to overcome previous methodological shortcomings.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Design<\/jats:title>\n \n A prospective cohort study in new\n MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n users between 2006 and 2009 with a follow\u2010up duration of 12 months.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Setting and Participants<\/jats:title>\n \n Of the 149 almost\n MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010naive subjects examined at the initial assessment, 109 subjects participated again after 1 year. During this period, 43 subjects did not use any other illicit substance apart from cannabis; 23 subjects used more than 10 pills\n MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n (mean\u2009=\u200933.6). These groups then were compared by means of multivariate analyses of variance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Measurements<\/jats:title>\n \n Change scores between the initial examination and follow\u2010up on a neuropsychological test battery including measures of learning, memory, and frontal executive functions [Auditiv\u2010Verbaler Lerntest (\n AVLT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), Lern\u2010 und Ged\u00e4chtnistest (\n LGT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) 3, digit span test, digit symbol test, Stroop task, Trail\u2010making test]. In addition, a comprehensive number of possibly relevant confounders including age, general intelligence, cannabis use, alcohol use, cigarette use, medical treatment, participation in sports, nutrition, sleep patterns and subjective wellbeing was assessed.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Findings<\/jats:title>\n \n Groups did not differ in any of the potential confounders. However, significant effects of immediate and delayed recall of a visual paired associates learning task between\n MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n users and controls were found (respectively,\n \n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (1,64)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200911.43,\n \n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001, \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.136 and\n \n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n (1,64)<\/jats:sub>\n \u2009=\u200911.08,\n \n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n <\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002, \u03b7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n \u2009=\u20090.144). No significant differences on the other neuropsychological tests were found.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n appears to impair visual paired associates learning in new users, suggesting serotonergic dysfunction in hippocampal regions as a consequence of\n MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>\n use.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03977.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]],"date-time":"2012-07-26T04:43:29Z","timestamp":1343277809000},"page":"136-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["A prospective study of learning, memory, and executive function in new\n MDMA<\/scp>\n users"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wagner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Koester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Euphrosyne","family":"Gouzoulis\u2010Mayfrank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Daumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Cologne Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA).Annual report 2009: the state of the drugs problem in Europe. 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