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At present, gambling is illegal in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ermany, and provision is subject to the state monopoly. Mere gaming machines (specific slot machines) are not classified as gambling activity, permitting commercial providers. In recent years, implementing regulations for state gambling and gaming machines have been changed. Concerning the treatment of pathological gambling, various options exist; treatment costs have been covered by health and pension insurance since 2001. Information on the effectiveness of treatment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ermany is limited. Similarly, the number of peer\u2010reviewed publications on gambling is small.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>German gambling legislation was subject to major changes in the past years. Based on the available body of research (longitudinal), studies on risk and protective factors and the aetiology of pathological gambling are needed. The effectiveness of pathological gambling treatment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>ermany and the impact of gambling regulations on gambling behaviour also need to be investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04025.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]],"date-time":"2012-10-15T17:22:41Z","timestamp":1350321761000},"page":"1554-1561","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gambling experiences, problems, research and policy: gambling in <scp>G<\/scp>ermany"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Monika","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IFT Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie Universit\u00e4t Hildesheim  Hildesheim Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Kr\u00e4plin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Technische Universitaet Dresden  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFT Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ludwig","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IFT Institut f\u00fcr Therapieforschung  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Social Research on Alcohol and Drugs (SoRAD) Stockholm University  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"1\u00d71 der Kartenspiele: von Bridge \u00fcber Poker und Skat bis Zwicken. 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