{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T06:11:37Z","timestamp":1782886297991,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the effects of <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> exposure to methadone or buprenorphine on infant neurobehavior.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three sites from the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>aternal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">O<\/jats:styled-content>pioid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>reatment: <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>uman <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>xperimental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>esearch (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MOTHER<\/jats:styled-content>) study, a double\u2010blind, double\u2010dummy, randomized clinical trial participated in this substudy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Medical Centers that provided comprehensive maternal care to opioid\u2010dependent pregnant women in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>altimore, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MD<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>rovidence, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RI<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">V<\/jats:styled-content>ienna, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ustria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty\u2010nine full\u2010term infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NICU) N<\/jats:styled-content>etwork <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>eurobehavioral <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>cale (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NNNS<\/jats:styled-content>) was administered to a subgroup of infants on postpartum days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14\u201315 and 28\u201330.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>While neurobehavior improved for both medication conditions over time, infants exposed <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> to buprenorphine exhibited fewer stress\u2010abstinence signs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), were less excitable (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and less over\u2010aroused (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), exhibited less hypertonia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.007), had better self\u2010regulation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.04) and required less handling (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) to maintain a quiet alert state relative to <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> methadone\u2010exposed infants. Infants who were older when they began morphine treatment for withdrawal had higher self\u2010regulation scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), and demonstrated the least amount of excitability (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.02) and hypertonia (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.02) on average. Quality of movement was correlated negatively with peak <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> score (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), number of days treated with morphine for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NAS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) and total amount of morphine received (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03). Excitability scores were related positively to total morphine dose (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.03).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While neurobehavior improves during the first month of postnatal life for <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> agonist medication\u2010exposed neonates, buprenorphine exposure results in superior neurobehavioral scores and less severe withdrawal than does methadone exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04040.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T16:30:49Z","timestamp":1351528249000},"page":"63-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Neonatal neurobehavior effects following buprenorphine versus methadone exposure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Mara G.","family":"Coyle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University  Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy L.","family":"Salisbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University  Providence RI USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University  Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barry M.","family":"Lester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University  Providence RI USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University  Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendr\u00e9e E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"RTI International  Research Triangle Park NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University  Providence RI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Graf\u2010Rohrmeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Clinic Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Austria, Center of Public Health  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(00)00194-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2004.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2000.95223910.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01321.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2002.123099"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30147-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.64.2.235"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8545(05)70362-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.2003.046276"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/PDR.0b013e3181bc035d"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2010.484474"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.110.6.1182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.07.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.S2.634"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2007.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","first-page":"1367","volume-title":"Primary Pediatric Care","author":"Finnegan L. 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