{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T01:11:17Z","timestamp":1776474677434,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>To examine hepatic enzyme test results throughout the course of pregnancy in women maintained on methadone or buprenorphine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Design<\/jats:title>Participants were randomized to either methadone or buprenorphine maintenance. Blood chemistry tests, including liver transaminases and hepatitis C virus (HCV)<\/jats:styled-content> status, were determined every 4 weeks and once postpartum. As part of a planned secondary analysis, generalized mixed linear models were conducted with aspartate aminotransferase (AST<\/jats:styled-content>), alanine aminotransferase (ALT<\/jats:styled-content>) and gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT<\/jats:styled-content>) as the dependent variables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Setting<\/jats:title>Six US<\/jats:styled-content> sites and one European site that provided comprehensive treatment to pregnant opioid\u2010dependent women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Participants<\/jats:title>A total of 175 opioid\u2010dependent pregnant women enrolled in the M<\/jats:styled-content>aternal O<\/jats:styled-content>pioid T<\/jats:styled-content>reatment: H<\/jats:styled-content>uman E<\/jats:styled-content>xperimental R<\/jats:styled-content>esearch (MOTHER<\/jats:styled-content>) study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Findings<\/jats:title>ALT<\/jats:styled-content>, AST<\/jats:styled-content> and GGT<\/jats:styled-content> levels decreased for all subjects across pregnancy trimesters, rising slightly postpartum. HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive subjects exhibited higher transaminases at all time\u2010points compared to HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010negative subjects, regardless of medication (all P<\/jats:italic>s\u2009<\u20090.05) condition. Both HCV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive and negative buprenorphine\u2010maintained participants exhibited lower GGT<\/jats:styled-content> levels than those who were methadone\u2010maintained (P<\/jats:italic>\u2009<\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions<\/jats:title>Neither methadone nor buprenorphine appear to have adverse hepatic effects in the treatment of pregnant opioid\u2010dependent women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04043.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,29]],"date-time":"2012-10-29T16:30:49Z","timestamp":1351528249000},"page":"91-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effect of hepatitis C virus status on liver enzymes in opioid\u2010dependent pregnant women maintained on opioid\u2010agonist medication"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Laura F.","family":"McNicholas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterans Affairs Philadelphia VA Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amber M.","family":"Holbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Jefferson Medical College Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia PA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin E.","family":"O'Grady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park MD USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendr\u00e9e E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Obstetrics and Gynecology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"RTI International Research Triangle Park NC 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