{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:56:00Z","timestamp":1789664160457,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Addiction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recommendations related to pathological gambling for the fifth edition of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>iagnostic and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>tatistic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>anual for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content>ental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>isorders (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM<\/jats:styled-content>) are to eliminate the criterion related to committing illegal acts and reduce the threshold for diagnosis from five to four criteria. This study evaluated the impact of these changes on prevalence rates and classification accuracy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were analyzed from five samples, varying in severity of gambling problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Settings and participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surveys of randomly selected household residents in the United States (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">US<\/jats:styled-content>) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092417), gambling patrons (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009450), individuals in brief intervention studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009375), patients in community\u2010based gambling treatment programs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009149) and participants in randomized intervention studies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009319).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>The National Opinion Research Center <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM\u2010IV<\/jats:styled-content> Screen for Gambling Problems (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NODS<\/jats:styled-content>) was administered to all participants. Internal consistency and factor structure were evaluated using both 10 and nine criteria. Base rates, hit rates, sensitivity, specificity and overall agreement were compared across classification systems, using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM\u2010IV<\/jats:styled-content> classification as the standard.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eliminating the illegal acts criterion did not impact internal consistency and modestly improved variance accounted for in the factor structure. In comparing a classification system using four of 10 criteria versus one using four of nine, the four of nine system yielded equal or slightly better classification accuracy in all comparisons and across all samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The inclusion of the illegal acts criterion in the proposed <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DSM\u2010V<\/jats:styled-content> pathological gambling diagnosis does not appear necessary for diagnosis of pathological gambling and, if it is eliminated, reducing the cut\u2010point to four results in more consistent diagnoses relative to the current classification system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04087.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,21]],"date-time":"2012-09-21T03:55:05Z","timestamp":1348199705000},"page":"575-581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["An empirical evaluation of proposed changes for gambling diagnosis in the <scp>DSM<\/scp>\u20105"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Nancy M.","family":"Petry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Connecticut Health Center  Farmington CT USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Stinchfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Minnesota  Saint Paul MN USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Volberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gemini Research  Northampton MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2010.03144.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2010.501086"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708002900"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01593.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2003.00545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001401"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.11.1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.57.7.666"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","article-title":"Mapping common psychiatric disorders: structure and predictive validity in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions","author":"Blanco C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03894.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10894-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01019763"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","volume-title":"Gambling Impact and Behavior Study: Report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission","author":"Gerstein D. 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