{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:20:56Z","timestamp":1790486456867,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]],"date-time":"2004-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Plant Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Leaf spot disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic>Cercospora beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sacc. is the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet worldwide. In addition to reducing yield and quality of sugarbeet, the control of leaf spot disease by extensive fungicide application incurs added costs to producers and repeatedly has selected for fungicide\u2010tolerant\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. The genetics and biochemistry of virulence have been examined less for\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    as compared with the related fungi\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0nicotianae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0kikuchii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0zeae\u2010maydis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , fungi to which the physiology of\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    is often compared.\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations generally are not characterized as having race structure, although a case of race\u2010specific resistance in sugarbeet to\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been reported. Resistance currently implemented in the field is quantitatively inherited and exhibits low to medium heritability.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Taxonomy:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>Cercospora beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    Sacc.; Kingdom Fungi, Subdivision Deuteromycetes, Class Hyphomycetes, Order Hyphales, Genus\n                    <jats:italic>Cercospora<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Identification:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Circular, brown to red delimited spots with ashen\u2010grey centre, 0.5\u20136\u00a0mm diameter; dark brown to black stromata against grey background; pale brown unbranched sparingly septate conidiophores, hyaline acicular conidia, multiseptate, from 2.5 to 4\u00a0\u00b5m wide and 50\u2013200\u00a0\u00b5m long.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Host range:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Propagative on\n                    <jats:italic>Beta vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    and most species of\n                    <jats:italic>Beta<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Reported on members of the Chenopodiaceae and on Amaranthus.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Disease symptoms:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Infected leaves and petioles of\n                    <jats:italic>B.\u00a0vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibit numerous circular leaf spots that coalesce in severe cases causing complete leaf collapse. Dark specks within a grey spot centre are characteristic for the disease. Older leaves exhibit a greater number of lesions with larger spot diameter. During the latter stage of severe epiphytotics, new leaf growth can be seen emerging from the plant surrounded by prostrate, collapsed leaves.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Control:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Fungicides in the benzimidazole and triazole class as well as organotin derivatives and strobilurins have successfully been used to control Cercospora leaf spot. Elevated levels of tolerance in populations of\n                    <jats:italic>C.\u00a0beticola<\/jats:italic>\n                    to some of the chemicals registered for control has been documented. Partial genetic resistance also is used to reduce leaf spot disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1364-3703.2004.00218.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,12]],"date-time":"2004-05-12T10:01:05Z","timestamp":1084356065000},"page":"157-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":161,"title":["Sugarbeet leaf spot disease (\n                    <i>Cercospora beticola<\/i>\n                    Sacc.)\u2020"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Weiland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Plant Pathology","author":"Agrios G.N.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Sugar and Sweetener Situation and Outlook Yearbook","author":"Anonymous","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","first-page":"447","article-title":"Wild Beta species as a source of resistance to sugar\u2010beet pests and diseases","volume":"103","author":"Asher M.J.C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. 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