{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T14:10:29Z","timestamp":1791036629462,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,24]],"date-time":"2005-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1111622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Dialysis patients remain a high\u2010risk group for hepatitis C virus infection. The current diagnosis of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients includes serological measurement of anti\u2010hepatitis C virus antibody; however, nucleic acid amplification technology for assessing hepatitis C virus viraemia is commonly used in other populations. An enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay test for detecting antibody to hepatitis C nucleocapsid core antigen (hepatitis C virus core antigen) in human serum has been recently developed (hepatitis C virus Core Antigen enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay test). It is conceived for screening of donor blood products to significantly reduce the \u2018serologic window\u2019 occurring before seroconversion during acute hepatitis C virus.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aim and methods<\/jats:bold> :\u2002A cohort (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u200372) of patients on maintenance haemodialysis in a single unit in the years 2000\u20132003 was included. Study patients were tested monthly by hepatitis C virus Core Antigen enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay in a prospective, clinical trial. Routine results obtained by hepatitis C virus Core Antigen enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay test were confirmed by assessing hepatitis C virus viraemia by branched\u2010chain DNA (bDNA) signal amplification assay.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> :\u2002<jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic> hepatitis C virus infection was identified in three patients during the study period; the hepatitis C virus incidence was 1.38% (95% confidence intervals, 1.31\u20134.09) per year. In each patient, hepatitis C virus core antigen testing allowed the serological identification of acute hepatitis C virus before anti\u2010hepatitis C virus seroconversion. Hepatitis C virus RNA testing confirmed the results obtained by hepatitis C virus Core Antigen enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay in all cases. The time from initial hepatitis C virus detection by hepatitis C virus Core Antigen Assay and anti\u2010hepatitis C virus seroconversion was not greater than four weeks. Two (67%) of three patients with <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> hepatitis C virus acquisition were HBsAg negative; both these patients underwent an initial phase of hepatitis C virus viraemia that was associated with an increase in alanine aminotransferase activity and preceded the seroconversion to anti\u2010hepatitis C virus antibody. Nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus between haemodialysis patients was implicated in at least two (67%) of these three patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> :\u2002Serological testing for hepatitis C virus core antigen can identify acute hepatitis C virus infection before anti\u2010hepatitis C virus seroconversion. The time from initial hepatitis C virus detection by hepatitis C virus core antigen assay and anti\u2010hepatitis C virus seroconversion was not &gt;4\u2003weeks. <jats:italic>De novo<\/jats:italic> acquisition of hepatitis C virus in haemodialysis was associated with a rise in alanine aminotransferase levels. Hepatitis C virus core antigen enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay test results can be obtained in routine laboratories without the need of special equipment or training. Hepatitis C virus core antigen testing among anti\u2010hepatitis C virus negative patients on maintenance dialysis is suggested in order to early assess <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> hepatitis C virus within dialysis units.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2005.02416.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,24]],"date-time":"2005-03-24T11:16:14Z","timestamp":1111662974000},"page":"861-869","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["<scp>De novo<\/scp> HCV infection among dialysis patients: a prospective study by HCV core antigen ELISA assay"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Fabrizi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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