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The eligibility criteria were met by 47 subjects whose <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> infection was verified at the outset and re\u2010evaluated after the treatment by the <jats:sup>13<\/jats:sup>C\u2010urea breath test and by enzyme immunoassay serology. The subjects were randomized to receive probiotic therapy (<jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> GG, <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>LC705, <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium breve<\/jats:italic> Bb99 and <jats:italic>Propionibacterium freudenreichii<\/jats:italic> ssp. <jats:italic>shermanii<\/jats:italic> JS) or a placebo during <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication and for 3\u2003weeks following the treatment, and recorded their daily symptoms in a standardized diary.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold> :\u2002When the frequencies of new or aggravated symptoms were evaluated, no significant differences were found between the two groups for individual symptoms. However, the probiotic group showed less treatment\u2010related symptoms as measured by the total symptom score change (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.038) throughout the <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication therapy in contrast to the placebo group. The <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication rate was non\u2010significantly higher in the group receiving probiotic therapy (91% vs. 79%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.42). In this group the recovery of probiotic bacteria in the faeces increased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.001).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold> :\u2002In this pilot study, probiotic supplementation did not diminish significantly the frequency of new or aggravated symptoms during <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> eradication. However, our data suggest an improved tolerance to the eradication treatment when total symptom severity was taken into account. 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