{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T05:57:51Z","timestamp":1759730271860},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,16]],"date-time":"2006-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1155686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stomach pain and discomfort have been reported since antiquity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To follow the time trends since the 18th century of dyspepsia, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and benign oesophageal disease to test when dyspepsia started to become a major clinical problem.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The annual in\u2010 and out\u2010patient records of the last three centuries from the Scottish Royal Infirmaries of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Glasgow and Dundee were analysed. In addition, dispensary attendances, clinicians\u2019 casebooks, students\u2019 notebooks and medical texts have been scrutinized for historic statistics of upper gastrointestinal disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dyspepsia was first recorded in the 1750s and increased markedly subsequently. Such dyspepsia persisted after gastric and duodenal ulcers appeared in the late 19th century and then declined again in the late 20th century. Non\u2010ulcer dyspepsia has remained the commonest diagnosis made after endoscopy for stomach pain in the beginning of the 21st century.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current commonest diagnosis of stomach pain, dyspepsia dates from the mid\u201018th century. Any explanations of its causation need to consider this timing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03076.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,16]],"date-time":"2006-08-16T09:21:33Z","timestamp":1155720093000},"page":"821-829","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Three centuries of stomach symptoms in Scotland"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"J. 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