{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T22:58:12Z","timestamp":1791673092564,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,6]],"date-time":"2007-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Distinguishing Crohn\u2019s disease from intestinal tuberculosis in endemic areas is challenging as both conditions have overlapping clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological characteristics. Furthermore, high rates of latent tuberculosis confer a considerable risk of reactivation once therapy for established Crohn\u2019s disease is started.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Aim\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    To review current strategies in differentiating these two conditions, and in managing Crohn\u2019s disease, in populations with high rates of tuberculosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    Literature review and clinical experience.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    While various clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological parameters may aid in differentiating Crohn\u2019s disease from intestinal tuberculosis, these remain imperfect and as treatment options differ misdiagnosis has grave consequences. We propose a diagnostic algorithm, based on currently available evidence and experience, to aid in this dilemma. We also discuss approaches to the management of Crohn\u2019s disease, including agents targeting tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, in patients at risk of developing tuberculosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions\u2002<\/jats:bold>\n                    A diagnosis of Crohn\u2019s disease in individuals at risk for tuberculosis should only be made after careful interpretation of clinical signs, abdominal imaging and systematic endoscopic and histological assessment. Newer techniques for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis still need to be validated in this environment, and guidelines on the treatment of latent tuberculosis in this setting require clarification.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2007.03332.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,23]],"date-time":"2010-07-23T07:26:05Z","timestamp":1279869965000},"page":"1373-1388","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["Review article: the diagnosis and management of Crohn\u2019s disease in populations with high\u2010risk rates for tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"EPSTEIN","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"WATERMEYER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"KIRSCH","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.who.int.tb.publications\/2007\/factsheet_2007.pdf. 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