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Faecal transplantation (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content>) may restore normal microbiota and break the cycle of recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDAD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To critically appraise the clinical research evidence on the safety and effectiveness of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content> compared with standard care in the treatment of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDAD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted by a research librarian to identify relevant studies published between 2000 and 2011. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EMBASE<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> CINAHL<\/jats:styled-content>, Biological Abstracts, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIOSIS<\/jats:styled-content> Previews and Web of Science were searched using the following Medical Subject Headings (Me<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SH<\/jats:styled-content>) terms and keywords, alone or in combination: Clostridium infections\/Clostridium difficile\/pseudomembranous\/colitis\/faeces\/rectal\/colon flora\/gastrointestinal\/nasogastric tube\/enema\/donor\/transplant\/infusion\/bacteriotherapy\/human probiotic infusion. Methodological quality of the included case series studies was assessed in terms of patient selection criteria, consecutive recruitment, prospective data collection, reporting of lost to follow\u2010up, and follow\u2010up rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No controlled studies were found. Based on the weak evidence from seven full\u2010text case series studies of 124 patients with recurrent\/refractory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDAD<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FT<\/jats:styled-content> appears to be a safe and effective procedure. In most cases (83%) symptoms improved immediately after the first <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FT<\/jats:styled-content> procedure, and some patients stayed diarrhoea free for several months or years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although these results appear to be promising, the treatment effects of faecal transplantation cannot be determined definitively in the absence of a control group. Results from randomised controlled trials that compare faecal transplantation to oral vancomycin without or with a taper regimen will help to better define the role of faecal transplantation in the management of recurrent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CDAD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05033.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,23]],"date-time":"2012-02-23T10:51:52Z","timestamp":1329994312000},"page":"865-875","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Systematic review: faecal transplantation for the treatment of <i><scp>C<\/scp>lostridium difficile<\/i>\u2010associated disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"B.","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Economics Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Harstall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Economics Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Veldhuyzen van Zanten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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