{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T06:59:15Z","timestamp":1794293955577,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lymphoid aggregates are normally found throughout the small and large intestine. Known as lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content>), these aggregates are observed especially in young children and are not associated with clinical symptoms being considered \u2018physiological\u2019. In children presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms the number and size of the lymphoid follicles are increased. Patients suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms (i.e. recurrent abdominal pain) should systematically undergo gastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. With these indications <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content>, especially of the upper but also of the lower gastrointestinal tract has been diagnosed, and in some children it may reflect a food hypersensitivity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content>) condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To review the literature about the relationship between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content>, particularly focusing on the diagnostic work\u2010up for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> related to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We reviewed literature using Pubmed and Medline, with the search terms \u2018lymphoid nodular hyperplasia\u2019, \u2018food hypersensitivity\u2019, \u2018food allergy\u2019 and \u2018food intolerance\u2019. We overall examined 10 studies in detail, selecting articles about the prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients and of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Collected data showed a median of 49% (range 32\u201367%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content> patients and a median of 66% (range 42\u201390%) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content> in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> patients. Literature review pointed out that the most important symptom connected with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> and\/or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content> was recurrent abdominal pain, followed by diarrhoea and growth retardation. Both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content> are associated with an increase in lamina propria \u03b3\/\u03b4+ T cells, but the mechanisms by which enhanced local immune responses causing gastrointestinal symptoms still remain obscure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>When assessing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content>, we rely on clinical evaluation, including elimination diet and challenge tests, and endoscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Considering the possible co\u2010existence of duodenal and ileo\u2010colonic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content>, upper endoscopy can be recommended in children with suspected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content>, especially in those presenting with additional upper abdominal symptoms (i.e. vomiting). Likewise, lower endoscopy might be additionally performed in patients with suspected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LNH<\/jats:styled-content> of the duodenal bulb, also presenting with lower abdominal symptoms (i.e. recurrent abdominal pain).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05062.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]],"date-time":"2012-03-20T06:47:03Z","timestamp":1332226023000},"page":"1000-1009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Review article: intestinal lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children \u2013 the relationship to food hypersensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Mansueto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Policlinico University Hospital of Palermo Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Iacono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Gastroenterology \u201cDi Cristina\u201d Hospital Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Seidita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Policlinico University Hospital of Palermo Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"D'Alcamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Policlinico University Hospital of Palermo Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Sprini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Policlinico University Hospital of Palermo Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Carroccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine Hospital of Sciacca ASP Agrigento Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01926230600867735"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524054863924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2011.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-198006000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-11-36"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e31815c1dd3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2009.02824.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0800871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"530","article-title":"Manifestations of food allergy in infants and children","volume":"37","author":"Story RE","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Ann"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0b013e32830c6f02"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199907000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2001.tb00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00916558"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the gut","volume":"30","author":"Sauerbrei E","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Can Assoc Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small bowel with IgA deficiency and hemolytic anemia","volume":"75","author":"S\u00e1nchez Rodr\u00edguez A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Med Clin"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"1200","article-title":"Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of gut in HIV infection","volume":"87","author":"Levendoglu H","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.24.2.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03009740701394005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(19)30521-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3038.2002.00090.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.118882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the intestine. 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