{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T12:26:58Z","timestamp":1783945618585,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,30]],"date-time":"2012-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aliment Pharmacol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Refractory coeliac disease type I is a complicated form of coeliac disease characterised by primary or secondary resistance to a gluten\u2010free diet with persisting or reoccurring intestinal villous atrophy and symptoms of malabsorption. Besides corticosteroids, azathioprine has been advocated for the treatment of refractory coeliac disease type I. However, tioguanine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content>) might be better tolerated and more efficacious owing to a simpler metabolism towards bioactivation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate tolerability and effectiveness of the nonconventional thiopurine derivative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content> in refractory coeliac disease type I.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Refractory coeliac disease type I patients treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content> between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>une 2001 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>ovember 2010 with a follow\u2010up period of at least 1\u00a0year were included. Adverse events, laboratory values, 6\u2010thioguanine nucleotide concentrations and rates of both clinical and histological response were evaluated at baseline and during follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twelve adult refractory coeliac disease type I patients were included. The median <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content> treatment duration was 14\u00a0months. Ten patients tolerated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TG<\/jats:styled-content> treatment on the long term, whereas two patients withdrew treatment due to adverse events. No nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver was observed. During follow\u2010up clinical and histological response was observed in 83% and 78%, respectively. Corticosteroid dependency decreased by 50%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tioguanine appears to be a convenient drug for the treatment of refractory coeliac disease type I based on higher histological and similar clinical response rates as compared with historical conventional therapies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2012.05154.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T01:27:15Z","timestamp":1338427635000},"page":"274-281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Tioguanine in the treatment of refractory coeliac disease \u2013 a single centre experience"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"G. J.","family":"Tack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. P.","family":"van Asseldonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. L. J.","family":"van Wanrooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. A.","family":"van Bodegraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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