{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:16:24Z","timestamp":1770722184035,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,30]],"date-time":"2008-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1201651200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p> <jats:bold>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003Albuminuria has been proven to be associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003Such an association has been found not only in subjects with diabetes and hypertension, but also in the general population.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003It could therefore be expected that especially subjects with higher albuminuria levels may benefit from blood pressure\u2010lowering agents to improve their cardiovascular outcome.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003This study indicates that the efficacy of blood pressure\u2010lowering agents to prevent cardiovascular events is dependent of the level of albuminuria before start of such treatment.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003The higher baseline albuminuria, the better the relative and absolute risk reduction for cardiovascular events with blood pressure\u2010lowering drugs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003The data also suggest a possible better cardiovascular protective effect of renin\u2013angiotensin intervening agents compared with other blood pressure\u2010lowering agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Albuminuria has been proven to be associated with cardiovascular (CV) events in specific patient populations, but also in the general population. This study aimed to investigate whether the efficacy of blood pressure\u2010lowering agents in preventing CV events depends on baseline urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and, if so, whether this holds true for blood pressure\u2010lowering agents in general, or is limited to agents that interfere in the renin\u2013angiotensin system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were used from a community\u2010based cohort study and pharmacy dispensing records. Included were subjects with hypertension (systolic blood pressure \u2265140 and\/or diastolic blood pressure \u226590\u2003mmHg), no cardiovascular disease history, and no previous use of blood pressure\u2010lowering agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>During study follow\u2010up (7.1\u2003\u00b1\u20031.6\u2003years), 122 CV events were observed in 1185 subjects included. Start of blood pressure\u2010lowering agents <jats:italic>vs.<\/jats:italic> non\u2010use was associated with a difference in absolute CV event risk of 0.7%, 6% and 12.6% for all subjects, those with UAE\u2003\u2265\u200315\u2003mg\u2003day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> and \u226530\u2003mg\u2003day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the relative risk for CV events after start of blood pressure\u2010lowering agents was significantly dependent (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) on baseline UAE; with hazard ratios of 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.48, 1.60, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003NS], 0.58 (95% CI 0.36, 0.94, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05) and 0.37 (95% CI 0.20, 0.68, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030.05), for subjects with UAE &lt;\u200315, \u226515 and \u226530\u2003mg\u2003day<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>, respectively. Results adjusted for covariates were essentially similar. The use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor\/angiotensin\u2010II receptor blocker (ACEi\/ARB) treatment tended to be associated with a more favourable CV prognosis when compared with non\u2010ACEi\/ARB treatment (difference <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003= 0.06).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that the efficacy of blood pressure\u2010lowering agents to prevent CV events is dependent on baseline albuminuria. The higher baseline albuminuria, the more absolute as well as relative risk reduction can be achieved. Our data suggest that this may especially be true for ACEi\/ARBs. We caution that this is an observational study, and that these conclusions should therefore be regarded as hypothesis generating, rather than hypothesis testing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03097.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,30]],"date-time":"2008-01-30T23:19:41Z","timestamp":1201735181000},"page":"723-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Baseline albuminuria predicts the efficacy of blood pressure\u2010lowering drugs in preventing cardiovascular events"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Cornelis","family":"Boersma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten J.","family":"Postma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sipke T.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jarir","family":"Atthobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul E.","family":"De Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lolkje T. W.","family":"De Jong\u2010van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron T.","family":"Gansevoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"PREVEND Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200306000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-200311000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"1779","article-title":"Practice guidelines for primary care physicians: ESH\/ESC hypertension guidelines","volume":"22","author":"Cifkova R","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.09231.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jhh.1001316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08037050211267"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000060573.77611.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2004.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-003-0022-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.07103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.30.5.1135"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00833.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7060.779"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.09213.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000031732.78052.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.3.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.4.421"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006010097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.02.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000146378.65439.7A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V11101882","article-title":"Urinary albumin excretion is associated with renal function abnormalities in a nondiabetic population","volume":"11","author":"Pinto\u2010Sietsma SJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","unstructured":"Pharmacy\u2010dispensing database of IADB.nl. Available athttp:\/\/www.iadb.nl(last accessed 20 July 2007)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.722"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","unstructured":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Drugs Statistics Methodology.ATC\/DDD Index 2005.Available athttp:\/\/www.whocc.no\/atcddd(last accessed: 8 August 2007)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","unstructured":"Prismant. National LHR information [in Dutch]. Available athttp:\/\/www.prismant.nl[data specifically requested] (Last accessed: 8 June 2007)"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.cbs.nl\/nl\u2010NL\/default.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10478078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114838"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90944-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03307-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh981"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00285287"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7456.2"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2125.2008.03097.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03097.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,15]],"date-time":"2023-10-15T23:22:14Z","timestamp":1697412134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03097.x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,30]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03097.x"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03097.x","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0306-5251","1365-2125"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0306-5251","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2125","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,30]]}}}