{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:46:27Z","timestamp":1791351987380,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,23]],"date-time":"2008-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p> <jats:bold>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003The risks of torsade de pointes and QTc prolongation in HIV patients have been reported.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003Authors have shown that four protease inhibitors (PIs) blocked human ether\u2010a\u2010go\u2010go\u2010related gene (hERG), the current that underlies QTc prolongation and drug\u2010induced proarrhythmia, and have also reported cases of torsades and suggested that PIs were responsible for these adverse events.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003This earlier paper has had a major impact on the perception of the arrhythmogenic risk associated with PIs, and regulatory agencies in Europe and the USA have modified the labelling of PIs accordingly.<\/jats:p><jats:p> <jats:bold>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS<\/jats:bold> <\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003The present study provides alternative explanations for QTc prolongation in a cohort of HIV patients and reports ECG abnormalities found in such patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003It does not confirm that PIs play a significant role in QTc interval prolongation in HIV patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003In contrast, it shows that QTc prolongation is related to common causes and to the duration of HIV infection rather than to anti\u2010HIV treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>AIMS<\/jats:title><jats:p>QTc interval prolongation and torsades de pointes have been reported in HIV\u2010infected patients. Protease inhibitors (PIs) are suspected to contribute to this adverse reaction. However, many factors can prolong QTc interval. We examined factors influencing QTc duration in HIV\u2010infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Unselected HIV\u2010infected patients (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u2003978) were enrolled in this prospective, single\u2010centre cross\u2010sectional study. Variables related to infection and treatments were collected. A digital electrocardiographic record was recorded in each patient and QT interval duration was measured and corrected using both Bazett's (QTcB) and Fridericia's (QTcF) formula. Results were analysed with a multivariable linear model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>After excluding arrhythmias and complete bundle branch blocks, QT interval was measured in 956 patients. The mean (SD) QTcB was 418\u2003ms (23) and QTcF was 405\u2003ms (20). QTc was found prolonged (&gt;450\u2003ms in women and &gt;440\u2003ms in men) in 129 [13.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 11.5, 15.8] and 38 (4%; 95% CI 2.9, 5.4) patients using Bazett and Fridericia corrections, respectively. On multivariable analysis, incomplete bundle branch block, ventricular hypertrophy, signs of ischaemic cardiopathy, female gender, White ethnic origin and age were significantly associated with QTc prolongation. The only HIV variable independently associated with QTc prolongation was the duration of infection (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.023). After adjustment, anti\u2010HIV treatment, in particular PI (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030.99), was not associated with QTc prolongation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although PIs block <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> hERG current, they are not independently associated with QTc interval prolongation. Prolonged QTc interval in HIV\u2010infected patients is primarily associated with factors commonly known to prolong QT and with the duration of HIV infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2008.03332.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,24]],"date-time":"2008-11-24T14:23:35Z","timestamp":1227536615000},"page":"76-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Relationship between HIV protease inhibitors and QTc interval duration in HIV\u2010infected patients: a cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Beny","family":"Charbit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Rosier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Bollens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Boccara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Yves","family":"Boelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afef","family":"Koubaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre\u2010Marie","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Funck\u2010Brentano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17950-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2006.00382.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-0620(01)00027-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510270106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.8.909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01845498"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8159.1997.tb05439.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2005.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00411.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2004.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.hjr.0000173110.21851.a9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.10.1322"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00937-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199706000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2003.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14858-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2003.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90099-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.77.6.543"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","unstructured":"Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. 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