{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T22:28:16Z","timestamp":1769639296451,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]],"date-time":"2012-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of potassium canrenoate\/canrenone in paediatric patients<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><jats:p>\u2022\u2003A population pharmacokinetic model has been developed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of canrenone in paediatric patients who received potassium canrenoate as part of their therapy in the intensive care unit.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>AIMS<\/jats:bold>To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of canrenone following administration of potassium canrenoate to paediatric patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>METHODS<\/jats:bold>Data were collected prospectively from 23 paediatric patients (2 days to 10 years of age; median weight 4\u2003kg, range 2.16\u201328.0\u2003kg) who received intravenous potassium canrenoate (K\u2010canrenoate) as part of their intensive care therapy for removal of retained fluids, e.g. in pulmonary oedema due to chronic lung disease and for the management of congestive heart failure. Plasma samples were analyzed by HPLC for determination of canrenone (the major metabolite and pharmacologically active moiety) and the data subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis using NONMEM.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>A one compartment model best described the data. The only significant covariate was weight (WT). The final population models for canrenone clearance (CL\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>) and volume of distribution (<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>) were CL\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(l\u2003h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>)\u2003=\u200311.4\u2003\u00d7\u2003(WT\/70.0)<jats:sup>0.75<\/jats:sup>and<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>(l)\u2003=\u2003374.2\u2003\u00d7\u2003(WT\/70) where WT is in kg. The values of CL\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>V<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>in a 4\u2003kg child would be 1.33\u2003l\u2003h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>and 21.4\u2003l, respectively, resulting in an elimination half\u2010life of 11.2\u2003h.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold>The range of estimated CL\/<jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>in the study population was 0.67\u20137.38\u2003l\u2003h<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>. The data suggest that adjustment of K\u2010canrenoate dosage according to body weight is appropriate in paediatric patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04257.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,29]],"date-time":"2012-02-29T12:58:51Z","timestamp":1330520331000},"page":"864-872","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Population pharmacokinetic model of canrenone after intravenous administration of potassium canrenoate to paediatric patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Maysa","family":"Suyagh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"Hawwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Collier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey S.","family":"Millership","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prashant","family":"Kole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike D.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry L.","family":"Halliday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"McElnay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00148581-200608040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","volume-title":"BNF for Children","author":"Paediatric Formulary Committee","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600600510"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)29552-0","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of spironolactone, canrenone and canrenoate\u2010K in humans","volume":"185","author":"Sadee W","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1974162336"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","volume-title":"Medicines for Children","author":"Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health and Neonatal and Paediatric Pharmacists Group","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","volume-title":"Physicians' Desk Reference","author":"Sifton DW","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services NIoH.List of drugs for which pediatric studies are needed. 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