{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:35:37Z","timestamp":1791876937728,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,13]],"date-time":"2012-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352764800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022\u2003Cardiovascular disease, disease outcome, drug treatment and drug response differ between men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\u2022\u2003Adverse drug reactions attributed to cardiovascular drugs that require hospital admission show differences between men and women, even after taking into account age and the total number of drug prescriptions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>AIMS<\/jats:bold>\n                    Cardiovascular disease in women is often underestimated. The effects of cardiovascular drugs differ between the sexes because of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) within these drug classes may have serious consequences, leading to hospital admission. We aimed to study differences between men and women in hospital admissions for ADRs due to cardiovascular drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>METHODS<\/jats:bold>\n                    We conducted a nationwide study of all hospital admissions between 2000 and 2005 with data from the Dutch National Medical Register. Relative risks were calculated of hospital admissions due to ADRs to the different cardiovascular drug groups for women compared with men. By an ecological design, risks were adjusted for the total number of Dutch inhabitants and the total number of prescriptions.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>RESULTS<\/jats:bold>\n                    In total, 14\u2003207 of the hospital admissions (34% of all ADR\u2010related admissions) were attributed to cardiovascular drugs [7690 in women (54%; 95% confidence interval 53\u201355%)]. \u2018Anticoagulants and salicylates\u2019 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8988), \u2018high\u2010 and low\u2010ceiling diuretics\u2019 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2242) and \u2018cardiotonic glycosides\u2019 (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 932) were responsible for the majority of the ADR\u2010related hospital admissions. The most pronounced sex differences were seen in users of low\u2010ceiling diuretics (relative risk 4.02; 95% confidence interval 3.12\u20135.19), cardiotonic glycosides (relative risk 2.38; 95% confidence interval 2.06\u20132.74), high\u2010ceiling diuretics (relative risk 2.10; 95% confidence interval 1.91\u20132.32) and coronary vasodilators (relative risk 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.65\u20130.91).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:bold>\n                    Clear sex differences exist in ADRs requiring hospital admission for different cardiovascular drug groups. Sex differences should be taken into account in the prescription and evaluation of drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04310.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T05:13:32Z","timestamp":1335417212000},"page":"1045-1052","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Sex differences in cardiovascular drug\u2010induced adverse reactions causing hospital admissions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Eline M.","family":"Rodenburg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno H.","family":"Stricker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loes E.","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2007.118323"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-200007000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.1227"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(87)91133-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90333-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00554-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","first-page":"672","article-title":"Gender difference in the cycle length\u2010dependent QT and potassium currents in rabbits","volume":"285","author":"Liu XK","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2009.09.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460140089033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.5.1199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000151825.36598.36"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1780373"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20691"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199816100-00021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jhh.2009.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/cp.1999.v66.103400001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610033351401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2000.109356"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.19.2560"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000134791.68010.FA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.1.6.1105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","volume-title":"Exploring the Biological Contributions to Human Health: Does Sex Matter?","author":"Committee on Understanding the Biology of Sex and Gender Differences B","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.048769"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/465688a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","unstructured":"WHO.International classification of diseases 9th revision clinical modification (ICD\u20109) 1978. 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