{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:35:54Z","timestamp":1782549354858,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Brit J Clinical Pharma"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Angiotensin\u2010II receptor 1 antagonists (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonists) may cause severe and even lethal fetopathy in late pregnancy. However, exposure still occurs in spite of warnings in package leaflets. This study aimed to assess the risk of fetopathy, the sensitive time window, and possible new symptoms in prospective as well as retrospective cases with AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist treatment during the second or third trimester of pregnancy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were enrolled by the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>erlin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I<\/jats:styled-content>nstitute for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>linical <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>eratology and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>rug <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">R<\/jats:styled-content>isk <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>ssessment in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>regnancy between 1999 and 2011 through risk consultation. Symptoms defined as indicative of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist fetopathy were: oligo\u2010\/anhydramnios, renal insufficiency, lung hypoplasia, joint contractures, skull hypoplasia and fetal\/neonatal death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 5\/29 (17%) prospectively enrolled cases with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist exposure beyond the first trimester oligo\u2010\/anhydramnios was diagnosed. Two infants showed additional symptoms of fetopathy. The risk is more than 30% if treatment continues beyond the 20th week of pregnancy. Oligo\u2010\/anhydramnios was reversible after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist withdrawal. Among 16 retrospective case reports, three infants presented with a thrombosis of the inferior vena cava in the vicinity of the renal veins. Four out of 13 live births did not survive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our survey suggests that the risk increases with duration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist treatment into late pregnancy and oligo\u2010\/anhydramnios may be reversible after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist discontinuation. Thrombosis of inferior vena cava may be a new feature of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist fetopathy. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist medication during pregnancy constitutes a considerable risk and must be discontinued immediately. In case of indicative diagnostic findings in either the fetus or newborn, previous maternal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AT<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010antagonist exposure should be considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2012.04388.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T11:29:15Z","timestamp":1343042955000},"page":"822-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Angiotensin\u2010<scp>II<\/scp> receptor 1 antagonist fetopathy \u2013 risk assessment, critical time period and vena cava thrombosis as a possible new feature"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Oppermann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical Teratology and Drug Risk Assessment in Pregnancy Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin  14050 Berlin 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