{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T00:53:54Z","timestamp":1787014434617,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Women with skin conditions may need topical corticosteroids during pregnancy. However, little is known about the effects of topical corticosteroids on the fetus. A guideline subcommittee of the European Dermatology Forum was organized to develop an evidence-based guideline on the use of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy (http:\/\/www.euroderm.org\/edf\/images\/stories\/guidelines\/EDF-Guideline-on-Steroids-in-Pregnancy.pdf). The evidence from a Cochrane Review suggested that the major possible adverse effects on the fetus of topical corticosteroids were orofacial clefts when used preconceptionally and in the first trimester of pregnancy, and fetal growth restriction when very potent topical corticosteroids were used during pregnancy. To obtain robust evidence, a large population-based cohort study (on 84 133 pregnant women from the U.K. General Practice Research Database) was performed, which found a significant association of fetal growth restriction with maternal exposure to potent\/very potent topical corticosteroids, but not with mild\/moderate topical corticosteroids. No associations of maternal exposure to topical corticosteroids of any potency with orofacial cleft, preterm delivery and fetal death were found. Moreover, another recent Danish cohort study did not support a causal association between topical corticosteroid and orofacial cleft. The current best evidence suggests that mild\/moderate topical corticosteroids are preferred to potent\/very potent ones in pregnancy, because of the associated risk of fetal growth restriction with the latter.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10513.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T14:11:32Z","timestamp":1309875092000},"page":"943-952","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Evidence-based (S3) guideline on topical corticosteroids in pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"165","author":[{"given":"C.-C.","family":"Chi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Chiayi, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, 6, Sec West, Chia-Pu Rd, Puzih, Chiayi, 61363, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Kirtschig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Aberer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.-P.","family":"Gabbud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology and Venereology, Bern, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Lipozen\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zagreb University Hospital Center and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"K\u00e1rp\u00e1ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermato-oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.-F.","family":"Haustein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Zuberbier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy-Centre-Charit\u00e9, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Wojnarowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023012703562904100_b1","first-page":"75.1","volume-title":"Rook\u2019s Textbook of Dermatology","author":"Berth-Jones","year":"2004","edition":"7th edn"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b2","first-page":"CD002954","article-title":"Drugs for discoid lupus erythematosus","volume":"4","author":"Jessop","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b3","first-page":"CD002292","article-title":"Interventions for bullous pemphigoid","volume":"10","author":"Kirtschig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b4","first-page":"CD001433","article-title":"Interventions for chronic palmoplantar pustulosis","volume":"1","author":"Marsland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2001.00209.x","article-title":"The specific dermatoses of pregnancy: a re-appraisal","volume":"15","author":"Al-Fares","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b6","author":"Chi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evidence-based assessment of the safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1269","article-title":"Safety of medications prescribed before and during early pregnancy in a cohort of 81 975 mothers from the UK General Practice Research Database","volume":"15","author":"Hardy","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2003.10.024","article-title":"Drug use by pregnant women and comparable non-pregnant women in the Netherlands with reference to the Australian classification system","volume":"114","author":"Schirm","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00927.x","article-title":"Drug prescription patterns before, during and after pregnancy for chronic, occasional and pregnancy-related drugs in the Netherlands","volume":"113","author":"Bakker","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-003-0584-4","article-title":"Prescription drugs during pregnancy and lactation \u2013 a Finnish register-based study","volume":"59","author":"Malm","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.04.025","article-title":"Prescription drug use in pregnancy","volume":"191","author":"Andrade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b12","first-page":"686","article-title":"Prescribing during pregnancy and lactation with reference to the Swedish classification system. A population-based study among Danish women. The Euromap Group","volume":"78","author":"Olesen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1705","article-title":"Pharmacovigilance in pregnancy using population-based linked datasets","volume":"18","author":"Colvin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2010.10011.x","article-title":"S1 guideline for diagnostic evaluation in androgenetic alopecia in men, women and adolescents","volume":"164","author":"Blume-Peytavi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b15","volume-title":"Levels of Evidence","author":"Phillips","year":"2009"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02112705","article-title":"Production of cleft palate with dexamethasone and hypervitaminosis A in rat embryos","volume":"26","author":"Nanda","year":"1970","journal-title":"Experientia"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b17","first-page":"71","article-title":"Tritiated cortisone distribution and induced cleft palate in mice","volume":"4","author":"Nasjleti","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Oral Ther Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b18","first-page":"101","article-title":"Cleft palate induction in hamster fetuses by glucocorticoid hormones and their synthetic analogues","volume":"36","author":"Shah","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Embryol Exp Morphol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-125-32335","article-title":"Induction of cleft palate in rabbits by several glucocorticoids","volume":"125","author":"Walker","year":"1967","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420160211","article-title":"Comparative teratogenicity of selected glucocorticoids applied ocularly in mice","volume":"16","author":"Ballard","year":"1977","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1994.1030","article-title":"Neurotoxicity of glucocorticoids in the primate brain","volume":"28","author":"Uno","year":"1994","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9612036","article-title":"Repetitive prenatal glucocorticoids improve lung function and decrease growth in preterm lambs","volume":"156","author":"Ikegami","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b23","first-page":"645","article-title":"Fetal concentration after topical application of betamethasone 17,21-dipropionate (S-3440) ointment and teratogenesis in mice and rabbits","volume":"21","author":"Yamada","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharmacometrics"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b24","volume-title":"Diflorasone Diacetate Cream Prescribing Information","author":"Taro Pharmaceuticals","year":"1999"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b25","first-page":"241","article-title":"Reproduction studies of diflorasone diacetate (DDA). IV. Teratogenicity study in rabbits by percutaneous administration","volume":"28","author":"Narama","year":"1984","journal-title":"Pharmacometrics"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1982.tb00498.x","article-title":"Topical corticosteroids","volume":"21","author":"Robertson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b27","volume-title":"Physicians\u2019 Desk Reference","author":"Sifton","year":"2002","edition":"56th edn"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000029806","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption of methylprednisolone aceponate following topical application of Advantan lotion on intact, inflamed and stripped skin of male volunteers","volume":"11","author":"G\u00fcnther","year":"1998","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b29","first-page":"331","article-title":"Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone during exacerbation and remission of atopic dermatitis in adults","volume":"68","author":"Turpeinen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00443095","article-title":"Adrenocortical response to adrenocorticotropic hormone in relation to duration of topical therapy and percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone in children with dermatitis","volume":"148","author":"Turpeinen","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.2165\/00044011-199816020-00003","article-title":"Assessment of HPA-axis suppression with fluticasone cream 0\u00b705% in patients with extensive psoriasis or eczema","volume":"16","author":"Tschen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(93)70224-H","article-title":"Comparison of the local and systemic side effects of methylprednisolone aceponate and mometasone furoate applied as ointments with equal antiinflammatory activity","volume":"29","author":"Kecskes","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b33","first-page":"395","article-title":"[Percutaneous absorption of 0\u00b71% mometasone furoate ointment: fate, excretion and adrenocortical suppression]","volume":"32","author":"Higashi","year":"1990","journal-title":"Skin Res"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b34","first-page":"25","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of mometasone furoate ointment 0\u00b71%, and hydrocortisone ointment 1%, on adrenocortical function in psoriasis patients","volume":"5","author":"Bressinck","year":"1988","journal-title":"Today\u2019s Ther Trends"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-199012000-00005","article-title":"Transdermal drug absorption during pregnancy","volume":"33","author":"Mattison","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-004-0763-y","article-title":"Bioavailability of fluticasone propionate and mometasone furoate aqueous nasal sprays","volume":"60","author":"Daley-Yates","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.07.028","article-title":"Absolute bioavailability of intranasal fluticasone furoate in healthy subjects","volume":"29","author":"Allen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S144","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(99)70310-6","article-title":"Intranasal corticosteroids for allergic rhinitis: how do different agents compare?","volume":"104","author":"Corren","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200203010-00005","article-title":"New and established topical corticosteroids in dermatology: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use","volume":"3","author":"Brazzini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2007.00597.x","article-title":"Superior nuclear receptor selectivity and therapeutic index of methylprednisolone aceponate versus mometasone furoate","volume":"16","author":"Mirshahpanah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-4004(98)90074-1","article-title":"Glucocorticoid actions and metabolism in pregnancy: implications for placental function and fetal cardiovascular activity","volume":"19","author":"Sun","year":"1998","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)33697-3","article-title":"Conversion of maternal cortisol to cortisone during placental transfer to the human fetus","volume":"118","author":"Murphy","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60824-0","article-title":"Fetal exposure to maternal cortisol","volume":"352","author":"Gitau","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b44","first-page":"104","article-title":"Fetal hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal stress responses to invasive procedures are independent of maternal responses","volume":"86","author":"Gitau","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(72)80547-X","article-title":"The transplacental passage of prednisone and prednisolone in pregnancy near term","volume":"81","author":"Beitins","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2004.00288.x","article-title":"Infant cortisol response after prolonged antenatal prednisolone treatment","volume":"111","author":"Miller","year":"2004","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2005.12.010","article-title":"Metabolism of synthetic steroids by the human placenta","volume":"28","author":"Murphy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b48","first-page":"CD007346","article-title":"Safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy","volume":"3","author":"Chi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<335::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-W","article-title":"Population-based case\u2013control study of teratogenic potential of corticosteroids","volume":"56","author":"Czeizel","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2002.810308.x","article-title":"Risk of intrauterine growth retardation, malformations and other birth outcomes in children after topical use of corticosteroid in pregnancy","volume":"81","author":"Mygind","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1597\/02-077","article-title":"Maternal drug use and infant cleft lip\/palate with special reference to corticoids","volume":"40","author":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.10134","article-title":"First trimester exposure to corticosteroids and oral clefts","volume":"67","author":"Pradat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.05.046","article-title":"Maternal corticosteroid use and orofacial clefts","volume":"197","author":"Carmichael","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.20130","article-title":"Case\u2013control study of cleft lip or palate after maternal use of topical corticosteroids during pregnancy","volume":"120","author":"Edwards","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.06.007","article-title":"The cosmetic use of skin-lightening products during pregnancy in Dakar, Senegal: a common and potentially hazardous practice","volume":"101","author":"Mah\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2010.392","article-title":"Safety of topical corticosteroids in pregnancy: a population-based cohort study","volume":"131","author":"Chi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b57","volume-title":"The Database","author":"General Practice Research Database","year":"2007"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101063","article-title":"Corticosteroid use during pregnancy and risk of orofacial clefts","volume":"183","author":"Hviid","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9926(200012)62:6<385::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies","volume":"62","author":"Park-Wyllie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2003.10.007","article-title":"Pregnancy outcome after first trimester exposure to corticosteroids: a prospective controlled study","volume":"18","author":"Gur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b61","volume-title":"British National Formulary","author":"Mehta","year":"2007","edition":"53rd edn"},{"key":"2023012703562904100_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630410033781","article-title":"Long-term safety and tolerability of pimecrolimus cream 1% and topical corticosteroids in adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis","volume":"15","author":"Luger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2133.2011.10513.x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/165\/5\/943\/47506568\/bjd0943.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article-pdf\/165\/5\/943\/47506568\/bjd0943.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T23:23:59Z","timestamp":1674775439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/bjd\/article\/165\/5\/943\/6644006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10513.x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1365-2133","0007-0963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1365-2133","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0007-0963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]}}}