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Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased 1\u00b78\u2010fold in thalassaemia relative to control patients. In contrast, MDA in SCD was not significantly different from controls. In multivariate analysis, the strongest predictors of elevated MDA were liver iron concentration (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003&lt;\u20030\u00b7001) and specific diagnosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2003=\u20030\u00b7019). A significant 2\u2010fold elevation of non\u2010transferrin bound iron (NTBI) was observed in thalassaemia relative to SCD. NTBI was not a significant predictor of high MDA in multivariate analysis. SCD patients showed a significant 2\u00b72\u2010fold elevation of the inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)\u20106 relative to controls, and a 3\u00b76\u2010 and 1\u00b77\u2010fold increase in IL\u20105 and IL\u201010 relative to thalassaemia. Although <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010tocopherol was significantly decreased by at least 32% in both thalassaemia and SCD, indicating ongoing oxidant stress and antioxidant consumption, <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010tocopherol, a nitric oxide\u2010selective antioxidant, was increased 36% in SCD relative to thalassaemia. These results demonstrate that thalassaemia patients have increased MDA and circulating NTBI relative to SCD patients and lower levels of some cytokines and <jats:italic>\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\u2010tocopherol. This supports the hypothesis that the biology of SCD may show increased inflammation and increased levels of protective antioxidants compared with thalassaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06277.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,8]],"date-time":"2006-09-08T19:45:48Z","timestamp":1157744748000},"page":"254-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":245,"title":["Oxidative stress and inflammation in iron\u2010overloaded patients with <i>\u03b2<\/i>\u2010thalassaemia or sickle cell disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"135","author":[{"given":"Patrick B.","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen B.","family":"Fung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David 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