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AC and CC erythrocytes contain elevated amounts of membrane\u2010associated haemichromes, band 3 clusters, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. These findings led us to investigate whether AC and CC erythrocytes might expose elevated levels of IgG and complement, two opsonins that have been implicated in the phagocytic clearance of senescent and sickle erythrocytes. Surprisingly, we found IgG, complement, and other plasma proteins co\u2010localised in aggregates beneath the membrane of circulating AC and CC erythrocytes. These observations, and our finding of similar aggregates in erythrocytes heterozygous or homozygous for haemoglobin S (sickle\u2010cell haemoglobin), suggest that the vast majority of membrane\u2010associated IgG and complement detected in these abnormal erythrocytes is intracellular and does not contribute to the eventual opsonic clearance of these cells. Phagocytosis studies with macrophages provide evidence in support of this suggestion. Studies of erythrocyte clearance that involve the detection of membrane\u2010associated IgG and complement as putative opsonins should investigate the possibility that these plasma proteins reside in the erythrocyte interior, and not on the cell surface.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06446.x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]],"date-time":"2006-12-08T12:32:32Z","timestamp":1165581152000},"page":"491-500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Non\u2010opsonising aggregates of IgG and complement in haemoglobin C erythrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"136","author":[{"given":"Nathaniel J.","family":"Brittain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Erexson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Faucette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerrold","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Fujioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas E.","family":"Wellems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rick M.","family":"Fairhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.7.2358"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651999000400006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1987.252.3.C300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.36.7.816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111867"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunn H.F. 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